Nutrition
-
The purpose of this systematic review was to locate and assess the quality of scientific evidence to establish a graded recommendation based on the effectiveness of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in different medical and surgical conditions. We were concerned with the following topics: 1) benefits of enteral administration of glutamine in different pathologic conditions, and 2) dose, duration, and time of initiation of glutamine-enriched diets. ⋯ Glutamine-enriched diets showed good overall tolerance, improvement of immunologic aspects in multiple trauma patients, cost reduction in critically ill patients, and improvement of mucositis in post-chemotherapy patients (grade B recommendations). The doses given and the duration of therapy varied widely depending on the pathologic condition. Intake of 20 to 30 g/d, early initiation of diet, and maintenance for 5 d or longer are recommended (grade C recommendations).
-
Multicenter Study
Fatty acids, diet, and body indices of type II diabetic American whites and blacks and Ghanaians.
This research was designed to study the diet, lipid profile, and metabolic and body indices of type II diabetic and non-diabetic subjects among American white and black and Ghanaian populations. ⋯ The data showed a higher metabolism of carbohydrate for energy in the Ghanaian group than in the other groups. In addition, fat metabolism may differ between Americans and Ghanaians. For many variables, black Americans were more similar to white Americans than to Ghanaians. These observations imply that cultural factors may contribute more than ethnic origin to the etiology of diabetes.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of hypocaloric meals with different macronutrient compositions on energy metabolism and lung function in obese women.
We investigated the effect of hypocaloric mixed diets with different proportions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat on resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food in obese women. ⋯ Obese women with normal lung function tests and consuming mixed hypocaloric diets showed no alteration in resting metabolic rate and a reduced or absent thermic effect of food independently of the macronutrient composition.
-
We investigated associations between human leukocyte antigen class II genes, environmental exposures, and Helicobacter pylori infection. ⋯ These findings suggested that H. pylori infection is not influenced by a genetic compound and confirmed the relevance of environmental exposure.