Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Early enteral feeding in newborn surgical patients.
We report the results of a multicenter prospective trial of early enteral trophic feeding in a group of 56 neonates who required abdominal surgery for a variety of congenital anomalies. ⋯ Postoperative, early intragastric, small-volume breast milk feeding is well tolerated by newborns. It is a reliable and feasible approach in neonates even in the presence of an intestinal anastomosis after abdominal surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Comparison between handgrip strength, subjective global assessment, and prognostic nutritional index in assessing malnutrition and predicting clinical outcome in cirrhotic outpatients.
This study compared three methods of assessing malnutrition in cirrhotics and correlated nutritional status with clinical outcome. ⋯ There was a high prevalence of malnutrition in cirrhotic outpatients, especially when assessed by HG, which was superior to SGA and PNI in this study. HG was the only technique that predicted a significant incidence of major complications in 1 y in undernourished cirrhotic patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Changes in multiple health outcomes at 12 and 24 weeks resulting from 12 weeks of exercise counseling with or without dietary counseling in obese adults.
We compared health outcomes in obese adults who underwent 12 wk of exercise counseling with or without dietary counseling, followed by 12 wk of observational monitoring. ⋯ Exercise counseling for 12 wk in obese adults improves some body composition indices that can be sustained over 12 wk of monitoring. The addition of dietary counseling increases improvements in body composition, lipid profiles, and several psychological parameters.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effect of a 10-week strength training program and recovery drink on body composition, muscular strength and endurance, and anaerobic power and capacity.
We investigated whether postexercise consumption of a supplement containing whey protein, amino acids, creatine, and carbohydrate combined with a strength training program promotes greater gains in fat-free mass (FFM), muscle strength and endurance, and anaerobic performance compared with an isocaloric, carbohydrate-only control drink combined with strength training. ⋯ Consumption of a recovery drink after strength training workouts did not promote greater gains in FFM compared with consumption of a carbohydrate-only drink; however, a trend toward a greater increase in FFM in the supplement group suggests the need for longer-term studies. Performance variables such as muscle strength and endurance and anaerobic performance were not improved when compared with the carbohydrate-only group.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Prospective randomized trial to assess caloric and protein needs of critically Ill, anuric, ventilated patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy.
We measured the energy and protein needs in 50 sequential, critically ill, ventilated patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for renal failure by using indirect calorimetry and three sequential isocaloric protein-feeding regimes of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1). We also assessed the compliance of actual feeding with target feeding and correlated the predictive energy requirements of the formulae with the actual energy expenditure (EE) measured by indirect calorimetry. We also determined whether these feeding regimes affected patient outcome. ⋯ This study found that a metabolic cart can improve the accuracy of energy provision and that a protein intake of 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1) in these patients increases the likelihood of achieving a positive nitrogen balance and improving survival. Enteral feeding is preferable, but if this is not possible or does not achieve the target, then it should be supplemented by parenteral feeding.