Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by plant stanol ester-containing spread: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
The ester of plant stanols significantly reduces plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in Western people. Effects of plant stanol ester-containing spread on plasma levels of TC, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) were studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Japanese subjects whose diet is low in fat and cholesterol. The effects of plant stanol ester on plasma levels of arteriosclerosis-promoting factors, namely remnants of triacylglycerol (TG)-rich lipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), were also studied. The assessment of safety was also made. ⋯ Plasma levels of TC and LDL-C were significantly reduced by the plant stanol ester-containing spread. The smaller reduction than in Western studies and the lack of dose dependency in this study might be due to the different basal diets. We concluded that plant stanol ester-containing spread is efficacious in reducing plasma LDL-C, apoB, CETP, and Ox-LDL and that 2 g/d plant stanol is adequate for Japanese people. No significant side effects were observed in any group.
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We assessed fiber intakes and determined the major food categories that contribute to dietary fiber intakes in the Taiwanese elderly. We also examined the association between fiber intake and health status. ⋯ Elderly subjects had remarkably low dietary fiber intakes (g and g/Mcal). Swallowing and chewing ability determined the amount of fiber consumed. Vegetable contributed more than half of dietary fiber intake. The selection of food groups exerted sex-dependent pattern in grains, vegetables, and snacks.
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Heart and blood pressure adaptations in Wistar rats fed with different high-fat diets for 18 months.
We investigated the effect of long-term administration of four different high-fat diets on systolic blood pressure (SBP), body and heart biometry, and left ventricular myocyte nuclei number (N[lvm]). ⋯ Long-term intake of the CA diet was more efficient in maintaining normal N(lvm) and SBP than the S and LE diets. The CA + LE diet resulted in balanced levels of SBP and N(lvm) in rats, suggesting that canola oil reduces cardiovascular injury caused by intake of lard and egg yolk.
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Biography Historical Article
On Joseph Bramhall Ellison's discovery that vitamin A reduces measles mortality.