Nutrition
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The global prevalence of obesity, a chronically trophic metabolic disease, has garnered significant attention. The aim of this study was to investigate L-arabinose, a unique functional sugar that improves insulin resistance and intestinal environment while promoting probiotic proliferation, for its potential in preventing obesity induced by a high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) diet in mice. ⋯ Based on these results, L-arabinose could be a promising candidate for combating obesity and obesity-related diseases by regulating insulin resistance and gut microbiota.
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We performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to assess the association of total sugars, added sugars, fructose, and sucrose with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality. ⋯ Increased intake of total sugars and fructose is associated with all-cause and CVD mortality but not associated with cancer mortality, which could have implications for guideline recommendations regarding the risk of mortality related to sugar intake.
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Pancreatic trauma and subsequent pancreatic operation result in early pathophysiologic alterations. Understanding changes in energy expenditure and body composition is essential for optimal management. This study aims to observe changes in energy expenditure and body composition in patients during the early postoperative days (PODs) after pancreatic trauma. ⋯ Changes in body composition and hypermetabolism state were observed from POD-3 to -14 after pancreatic trauma. A postoperative value of PhA < 4.23 is associated with severe complications.
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This study aimed to assess, using simulation modeling, the theoretical effect of key diet and physical activity (PA) modification scenarios could have on body mass index (BMI) in prepregnant and postpartum women. ⋯ Increasing intake of whole grains by 2 to 3 servings/d could result in reductions in BMI of 1.16 and 0.85 kg/m2, and a 480- and 540-min/wk increase in PA could result in BMI reduction of 0.95 and 1.19 kg/m2 in prepregnant and postpartum women, respectively. This provides an evidence base to guide tailored nutrition messaging for obesity prevention efforts in reproductive age women.
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The aim of this study was to review the levels of vitamin A and selenium in children with echinococcosis in Ganzi and Aba. ⋯ To improve management strategies in children with cystic echinococcosis, or possibly to prevent the disease, children living in high-risk areas for cystic echinococcosis should be given supplemental vitamin A and encouraged to consume a vitamin A-rich diet containing paw-paw, carrot, palm oil, or fish. Children with vitamin A deficiency in high-risk areas should be screened for cystic echinococcosis.