European journal of clinical nutrition
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Development of atopic disease seems to depend on both genetic factors and exposure to several environmental factors. At present ther is evidence that the mode of early infant feeding influences the development of food allergy, whereas daily exposure to inhalant allergens and daily exposure to tobacco smoke is found to be associated with an increased risk of recurrent wheezing/asthma and inhalant allergy. In infants with atopic predisposition (first-degree relatives), exclusively breastfeeding > or = four months is found associated with a significant reduction of the cumulative prevalence of cow's milk allergy/intolerance (CMA/CMI) during the first 1-2 years of age. ⋯ A diet period of 4-6 months seems sufficient in most infants. At present eHF are recommended for avoidance of cow's milk. Some high risk infants may benefit from maternal diet during lactation, but there is no documented beneficial effect of maternal diet during pregnancy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Postprandial lipid and hormone responses to meals of varying fat contents: modulatory role of lipoprotein lipase?
Substrate and hormone responses to meals of differing fat content were evaluated in normal subjects in order to investigate mechanisms underlying the regulation of postprandial lipoprotein concentration. ⋯ The results suggest that glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide may mediate increased lipoprotein lipase activity in response to fat-containing meals and may play a role in circulating lipoprotein homeostasis. This mechanism may be overloaded with high fat meals with adverse consequences on circulating triacylglycerol and NEFA concentrations.
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There is still controversy about the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of outreach nutrition rehabilitation centres (NRCs) for severely malnourished children. We wanted to compare the mortality rates and nutritional status of severely malnourished children admitted to rural NRCs in Gabu region, Guinea Bissau, with other severely malnourished children who were not rehabilitated and stayed in their villages. ⋯ Low-cost, outreach NRCs are effective both in the short term and in the mid-term to improve the nutritional situation and reduce the mortality of severely malnourished children.
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Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) in 12-week-old infants was adjusted for body size and body composition and then compared between the sexes and between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. ⋯ There is a relationship between SMR and infant sex and diet even after body size has been taken into account. The relationship could be explained by body composition for diet but not for sex. These differences are equivalent to differences in heat production and may have significance for infant health.
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Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) is influenced by body size and body composition. In order to be able to compare SMR between individuals and groups, the best way to remove the effect of body size and body composition was sought. ⋯ SMR can be adjusted for body weight, or fat-free mass thereby taking both body size and body composition into account, by expressing SMR in terms of weight or fat free mass raised to powers close to 0.50.