Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research
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The scientific surgeon begins with Joseph Lister and his seminal work on the development of antiseptic surgery published in 1867 in Lancet. No other significant works of the times compare to Lister's contributions in this particular field of surgery. Lister utilized pristine scientific principles, learned in part from Pasteur, to understand and apply the germ theory of disease to practical surgery. ⋯ The scientific surgeon is now well integrated and fully based on the science applied to surgery. Halsted's surgery was reproduced by other programs; and with time uniformity was established by all programs offering surgical residencies in the United States and many other parts of the world. The scientific surgeon is a firm reality at this point.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate whether hemorrhage and resuscitation affect liver, intestinal, and renal expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and apoptosis indexes (TUNEL, caspase-3 activation) and whether the expression of these proteins can be modulated by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) after a nonlethal hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. ⋯ Our results show that HS resuscitation with PDTC modulates several signaling pathways (HSP70, iNOS, TUNEL, and caspase-3) in a rat model. The results suggest that PDTC administration--by reducing apoptosis and iNOS expression--may have a potential role in minimizing organ damage after severe hemorrhage.
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The internal jugular vein (IJV) is one of the recommended sites for safe insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC). Although CVC insertion via the IJV has a lower risk of severe complications such as pneumothorax and arterial bleeding than insertion via the subclavian vein, few reports have provided concrete evidence for the safety of a right-sided approach. ⋯ Because the right IJV has a much wider diameter and runs more superficially than the left IJV, a right-sided approach is more acceptable than a left-sided one for CVC insertion via the IJV.
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Christiaan Neethling Barnard (1922-2002) was an accomplished cardiac surgeon and researcher who made significant contributions to the development of the discipline. He performed the first human-to-human heart transplant in 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa. He was trained in cardiac surgery at the University of Minnesota under pioneer surgeons C. ⋯ He made great advances to heart valve surgery, complicated congenital heart defects, orthotopic heart transplantation, heterotopic heart transplantation, xenotransplantation, and cardiac hypothermic storage. Barnard was the center of attention globally for several years after the seminal first heart transplant operation. Our work reviews the life, accomplishments, and personal character of this superb heart surgeon.