Journal of clinical anesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of the efficacy of esmolol and alfentanil to attenuate the hemodynamic responses to emergence and extubation.
To define the ability of esmolol and alfentanil to control the hemodynamic changes associated with extubation and emergence. ⋯ Emergence and extubation after inhalation general anesthesia result in significant increases in BP and HR in healthy patients. An esmolol bolus dose and subsequent infusion significantly attenuated these responses. A small bolus dose of alfentanil minimized the responses to emergence but prolonged the time to extubation and was no longer protective at that point.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Pharmacodynamic effects of three doses of ORG 9426 used for endotracheal intubation in humans.
To determine the pharmacodynamic characteristics of three incremental doses of ORG 9426 used for endotracheal intubation in patients. ⋯ These findings warrant further clinical evaluation of ORG 9426 for induction and maintenance of muscle relaxation in humans.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Desflurane potentiates atracurium in humans: a comparative study with isoflurane.
(1) To evaluate the neuromuscular effects of desflurane and its interactions with atracurium and (2) to compare desflurane and isoflurane in these effects. ⋯ In ASA physical status I adults, 9% desflurane has neuromuscular effects equal to or slightly in excess of those of 1.6% isoflurane.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of low fresh gas flow rates on inspired gas composition in a circle absorber system.
To determine the effects of fresh gas flow on inspired gas composition during low-flow anesthesia. ⋯ The same initial period of denitrogenation is not adequate to denitrogenate the circle system in all cases. The lower the fresh gas flow, the longer the initial period of denitrogenation should be. Various levels of fresh gas flow for low-flow anesthesia have been suggested, but none guarantees adequate control of inspired gas composition unless flowmeters are continuously adjusted.
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Historical Article
To define a specialty: a brief history of the American Board of Anesthesiology's first written examination.
The initial written examination of the American Board of Anesthesiology, a division of the American Board of Surgery, was given on March 28, 1939. For all anesthesiologists, this date has double significance. First, what was meant by anesthesiology as a medical specialty was defined through the questions posed on the first examination. ⋯ A triumvirate of visionaries, Paul Wood, John Lundy, and Ralph Waters, was necessary to crystalize the goal of specialty recognition of physician-anesthetists. The first written examination was the consummation of this dream of equal status for anesthesia. The examination would not become repetitious, and within the first decade of testing, the style would change from an essay format to multiple-choice questions similar to the current form.