Journal of clinical anesthesia
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Review Meta Analysis
Dexmedetomidine versus other sedatives for non-painful pediatric examinations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Procedural sedation for non-painful pediatric examinations outside the operating room remains a challenge, this study was designed to compare the safety and effectiveness of sedation provided by dexmedetomidine versus other sedatives including chloral hydrate, midazolam, and pentobarbital for pediatric patients to complete diagnostic examinations. ⋯ The meta-analysis shows that sedation by dexmedetomidine has lower incidence of respiratory depression and provides higher success rates in completing examinations than other traditional sedatives without compromising safety, indicating a prospective clinical use for procedural sedation.
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Evidence suggests that administering appropriate volumes of perioperative fluid replacement therapies can decrease the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, the relative effects of colloids and crystalloids on PONV are still unclear. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether administering colloids to adults undergoing noncardiac surgery significantly reduces PONV incidence and rescue antiemetic use, compared with administering crystalloids. ⋯ Colloid administration reduced the incidence of PONV in adults undergoing elective, noncardiac, major surgery under general anesthesia for >3 h. However, clinical studies performed in larger cohorts are required to determine the impact of colloids on PONV.