Journal of clinical anesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Is intravenous lidocaine an effective adjuvant for endotracheal intubation in children undergoing induction of anesthesia with halothane-nitrous oxide?
To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) lidocaine in suppressing the cough reflex and increases in intraocular pressure (IOP), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) elicited by endotracheal intubation. ⋯ In healthy premedicated children, aged 2 to 6 years, who are undergoing induction of anesthesia with halothane-N2O, 2 mg/kg of lidocaine given 90 seconds prior to laryngoscopy effectively suppresses the cough reflex and increase in IOP secondary to endotracheal intubation and attenuates increases in HR and MAP.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia following repair of frontal encephaloceles in children: comparison with intermittent, on-demand dosing of nalbuphine.
To determine the efficacy of lumbar intrathecal (i.t.) morphine in a dose of 0.02 mg/kg in providing analgesia following repair of frontal encephaloceles. ⋯ Lumbar IT morphine provides effective analgesia following repair of frontal encephaloceles in children and adolescents.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Catecholamine and renin-angiotensin response during controlled hypotension induced by prostaglandin E1 combined with hemodilution during isoflurane anesthesia.
To evaluate the catecholamine and renin-angiotensin response during controlled hypotension combined with hemodilution in the clinical setting. ⋯ The combination of hemodilution and PGE1 induced controlled hypotension causes significant responses, especially in a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under isoflurane anesthesia.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Continuous jugular venous versus nasopharyngeal temperature monitoring during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery.
To compare jugular venous to nasopharyngeal temperature during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). ⋯ Nasopharyngeal temperature underestimates jugular venous temperature during rewarming from hypothermic CPB. As a result, the brain may be exposed to periods of hyperthermia, possibly increasing the risk of neurologic injury associated with CPB.
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To evaluate the influence of major abdominal surgery on the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). ⋯ These results suggest that major upper abdominal surgery stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines presumably from the operation site. Further study is warranted to evaluate the modulation of inflammatory responses in the perioperative period.