Journal of clinical anesthesia
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To determine the impact of a cost containment program on the use of volatile anesthetics and neuromuscular blocking drugs. ⋯ Concerted educational efforts can decrease the per case expenditures for both volatile anesthetic drugs and neuromuscular blocking drugs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Continuous administration of fentanyl for postoperative pain: a comparison of the epidural, intravenous, and transdermal routes.
To evaluate the influence of the route of administration [epidural, intravenous (IV), or transdermal] on onset and quality of analgesia and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of continuous administration of fentanyl. ⋯ The epidural, transdermal, and IV administration of identical doses of fentanyl given at a constant rate provided almost equivalent degrees of analgesia. But continuing epidural administration produced a steady rise in systemic fentanyl concentrations into the ventilatory-depressant range, affecting the hypoxemic regulation of breathing.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Epidural administration of liposome-associated bupivacaine for the management of postsurgical pain: a first study.
To explore the influence of liposomes on the pharmacodynamic action of bupivacaine and to determine whether postsurgical analgesic advantages can be obtained from epidural delivery of liposomal bupivacaine compared with the current formulation. ⋯ The liposomal formulation of bupivacaine increased duration of analgesia without motor block or adverse side effects.