Journal of clinical anesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during awake blind nasotracheal intubation.
To test the usefulness of the end-tidal carbon dioxide monitor in facilitating awake blind nasotracheal intubation in patients with potentially difficult airways. ⋯ Monitoring of end-tidal carbon dioxide is useful and valuable in both facilitating blind nasotracheal intubation and avoiding profound hypoventilation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Lidocaine hydrochloride versus lidocaine bicarbonate for epidural anesthesia in outpatients undergoing arthroscopic surgery.
In a randomized, double-blind study, 24 patients undergoing outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery were divided into two groups. Group 1 received 2% lidocaine hydrochloride; group 2 received pH-adjusted 1.73% lidocaine made by adding 1 ml of NaHCO3 44.6 meq/L to 10 ml of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride. Epidural anesthesia was administered in the sitting position. ⋯ Postoperatively, all patients reported having experienced a satisfactory anesthetic without any complications. The authors conclude that epidural anesthesia is a satisfactory technique for outpatient arthroscopic surgery. There appears to be no advantage to adding bicarbonate to lidocaine anesthetic solutions for use in epidural anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Gastric residual volume in infants and children following a 3-hour fast.
The effect of a 3-hour versus a 10-hour preoperative fasting interval on the gastric residual volume and gastric pH of pediatric patients was evaluated. Forty-four healthy infants, 1 month to 5 years of age, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The 3-hour nil per os (NPO) group consisted of 19 infants kept NPO for 3 hours following ingestion of up to 4 ounces of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). ⋯ Gastric residual volume was significantly greater in volume when measured by the dye-dilution technique than it was when measured by the aspiration technique in both the 10-hour (p less than 0.009) and the 3-hour (p less than 0.0009) NPO groups. Complete aspiration of a known volume of fluid injected through the orogastric tube was not possible in 23 of the 44 (52.4%) infants. Mean gastric pH was less than 2.0 in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)