Pediatric radiology
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Pediatric radiology · Aug 2021
Evaluation of stress and anxiety caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in pediatric radiology.
Work-related stress and burnout were documented to be high among pediatric radiologists prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. New challenges arose from the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially introducing new stressors and anxieties. ⋯ The early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic caused additional stress and anxiety for pediatric radiology faculty and disproportionally affected women. Given the continuously evolving state of the COVID-19 pandemic, these results could aid in planning and implementation of future strategies to combat burnout in radiology. Specific attention should be directed to different stressors experienced by female versus male radiologists, especially in regard to dependent care.
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Pediatric radiology · Aug 2021
Imaging findings of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19.
A hyperinflammatory immune-mediated shock syndrome has been recognised in children exposed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ⋯ Children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome showed pulmonary, cardiac, abdominal and brain imaging findings, reflecting the multisystem inflammatory disease. Awareness of the imaging features of this disease is important for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Pediatric radiology · May 2021
ReviewGadolinium retention: should pediatric radiologists be concerned, and how to frame conversations with families.
Gadolinium retention in the brain and other organs has recently been identified by imaging and confirmed histologically. No direct clinical effects of gadolinium retention, which occurs after gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration for MRI, have been scientifically accepted at this time. ⋯ This article briefly describes the characteristics of GBCAs; reviews and differentiates gadolinium retention, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, and "gadolinium deposition disease" or "gadolinium toxicity"; and discusses societal guidelines and current usage in children. With the belief that GBCAs should not be withheld for appropriate indications in the absence of evidence of its potential risks, we offer a framework for determining when GBCA use is appropriate and suggestions for discussing its risks and benefits with children and their families.
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Infants are at greatest risk of severe and fatal physical abuse yet they sometimes present for medical care multiple times with abusive injuries prior to being diagnosed with abuse and having protective actions taken. Efforts to identify these infants in a timely manner are critical to prevent repeated, escalating abuse and subsequent harm. Increasing the identification and evaluation of sentinel injuries has been highlighted as a strategy for improving timely detection of abuse in infants. ⋯ As such, sentinel injuries offer an opportunity to intervene and protect infants from further harm. A thorough physical exam is critical for detecting sentinel injuries. Imaging with skeletal survey and, when appropriate, neuroimaging are key components of the medical evaluation of sentinel injuries in these high-risk infants.
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Pediatric radiology · Apr 2021
ReviewCurrent and emerging artificial intelligence applications for pediatric abdominal imaging.
Artificial intelligence (AI) uses computers to mimic cognitive functions of the human brain, allowing inferences to be made from generally large datasets. Traditional machine learning (e.g., decision tree analysis, support vector machines) and deep learning (e.g., convolutional neural networks) are two commonly employed AI approaches both outside and within the field of medicine. Such techniques can be used to evaluate medical images for the purposes of automated detection and segmentation, classification tasks (including diagnosis, lesion or tissue characterization, and prediction), and image reconstruction. In this review article we highlight recent literature describing current and emerging AI methods applied to abdominal imaging (e.g., CT, MRI and US) and suggest potential future applications of AI in the pediatric population.