Pediatric radiology
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Pediatric radiology · Jan 1992
Review Case ReportsSonographic diagnosis of portal venous gas in two pediatric liver transplant patients with benign pneumatosis intestinalis. Case reports and literature review.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis (gas in the bowel wall) is uncommon in children and is associated with a number of clinical conditions most notably necrotizing enterocolitis in sick neonates. We observed portal venous gas on sonography and benign pneumatosis intestinalis on abdominal radiography in two children who had recently undergone liver transplantation. Asymptomatic portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis has not been described previously in pediatric liver transplant patients. It is important to recognize the sonographic appearance of portal venous gas since sonography is the imaging modality most frequently utilized for monitoring the allograft post liver transplantation.
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Pediatric radiology · Jan 1992
Noninvasive blood flow measurement and quantification of shunt volume by cine magnetic resonance in congenital heart disease. Preliminary results.
Based on the phase difference method as described by Nayler et al. we developed a gradient-echo sequence, which refocuses flow related phase shifts even for infants with their higher peak velocity, higher acceleration and faster heart rates. A repetition time (TR) of 15 ms provides a high temporal resolution for dynamic studies. Modification of the flow-rephasing gradient-echo sequence in slice select direction leads to a defined phase shift and the resultant phase difference images allow blood flow measurements in the great arteries and the calculation of blood volume per heart cycle (flow volume) to assess left and right ventricular stroke volume. ⋯ The age of the patients ranged from 3 months to 13.4 years (mean age 4.9 years). The regression analyses of both methods show a high correlation for systemic flow (y = -0.98 + 1.08 x, r = 0.99, SEE = 2.59 ml) and for pulmonary flow (y = -1.40 + 0.96 x, r = 0.99, SEE = 4.70 ml). The comparison of flow calculated Qp:Qs ratio and chamber size calculated Qp:Qs ratio with data obtained by heart catheterization show also a regression line close to the line of identity (y = -0.01 + 1.04 x, r = 0.98, SEE = 0.15 and y = 0.28 + 0.96 x, r = 0.81, SEE = 0.47, respectively).
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Pediatric radiology · Jan 1992
Case ReportsNeonatal phrenic nerve paralysis resulting from intercostal drainage of pneumothorax.
Four cases of phrenic nerve paralysis complicating chest tube placement in the newborn for pneumothorax are presented. This complication is related to abnormal location of the medial end of the chest tube. It is suggested that on the frontal chest radiograph, the medial end of the chest tube should be no less than 1 cm from the spine.
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Pediatric radiology · Jan 1992
Case ReportsCoexistence of bronchial atresia and bronchogenic cyst: diagnostic criteria and embryologic considerations.
We report a case in a neonate of concurrent bronchial atresia and bronchogenic cyst. An accurate, noninvasive, preoperative diagnosis of this unusual combination of anomalies was made by ultrafast computed tomography (UFCT). This case supports the hypothesis that bronchial atresia results from an event occurring in the 5th-6th week of embryological development, rather than after the 16th week as previously believed.