Pediatric radiology
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Pediatric radiology · Mar 2015
Radiation dose and image quality in pediatric chest CT: effects of iterative reconstruction in normal weight and overweight children.
New CT reconstruction techniques may help reduce the burden of ionizing radiation. ⋯ In both normal weight and overweight children, the ASIR technique is associated with a greater than 57% mean dose reduction, without significantly impacting diagnostic image quality in pediatric chest CT examinations. However, CT scans in overweight children may have a greater noise level, even when using the ASIR technique.
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It is estimated that inflicted burn injuries in physically abused children occur with a prevalence of approximately 6-20%. Identification of burns of a nonaccidental nature is oftentimes difficult. Underlying skeletal injuries in abusive environments are often overshadowed by the acute burn injury. ⋯ Intentional burns in children appear to be more common than previously known, occurring in 40% of the children in our series, a greater percentage than has been reported in the literature. In addition, nearly one-third of these children with inflicted burns had associated skeletal injuries, most commonly healing rib fractures. Thus young children with concern for nonaccidental burns should undergo a skeletal survey.
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Pediatric radiology · Mar 2015
ReviewUltrasound-guided joint injections for MR arthrography in pediatric patients: how we do it.
In children, MR arthrography is typically performed using fluoroscopic guidance. This article explores the role of US-guided joint injections as an alternative for MR arthrography in children, discussing its advantages and disadvantages compared to standard methods. We describe techniques for performing US-guided injection of the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle and posterior subtalar joints, highlighting pertinent anatomy, routes of access and unique considerations for this modality in children. ⋯ We conclude that US provides effective guidance for intra-articular injection prior to MR arthrography, with the advantages of improved visualization of internal structures, reduced radiation exposure, convenience of performing the procedure portably and ease of performance. Although this paper does not address therapeutic steroid injections, these techniques could easily be translated for such purposes. We propose US guidance as a viable alternative to fluoroscopic technique for arthrography in children.
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Pediatric radiology · Mar 2015
ReviewImaging of pediatric pathology during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts.
United States Armed Forces radiologists deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq in modern military conflicts may encounter pediatric patients as a casualty of war or when providing humanitarian assistance to the indigenous population. Pediatric patients account for 4-7% of admissions at U. ⋯ It is pertinent for radiologists in the humanitarian care team to be familiar with imaging pediatric trauma patients, the pathology endemic to the local population, and delayed presentations of congenital and developmental disorders to adequately care for these patients. The radiological manifestations of various pediatric disorders seen in the setting of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts will be explored.
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Pediatric radiology · Mar 2015
Estimated risk of radiation-induced cancer from paediatric chest CT: two-year cohort study.
The increasing absolute number of paediatric CT scans raises concern about the safety and efficacy and the effects of consecutive diagnostic ionising radiation. ⋯ Using dedicated scan protocols, total lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence and mortality for chest CT is estimated low for paediatric chest CT, being highest for female neonates.