Pediatric radiology
-
Pediatric radiology · Jul 2016
Diffusion tensor imaging in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: tract-based spatial statistics assessment of brain microstructural changes.
There is evidence of microstructural changes in normal-appearing white matter of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. ⋯ Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex have increased axial diffusivity in major white matter tracts, probably related to reduced axonal integrity.
-
Despite the medical benefits of CT, there are concerns about increased cancer risks following CT scans in childhood. ⋯ Significant increases in the rate of pediatric CT scanning have occurred in Australia. This rate has stabilized since 2000, possibly a result of better understanding of cancer risks.
-
Pediatric radiology · Jun 2016
Free-breathing motion-corrected late-gadolinium-enhancement imaging improves image quality in children.
The value of late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) imaging in the diagnosis and management of pediatric and congenital heart disease is clear; however current acquisition techniques are susceptible to error and artifacts when performed in children because of children's higher heart rates, higher prevalence of sinus arrhythmia, and inability to breath-hold. Commonly used techniques in pediatric LGE imaging include breath-held segmented FLASH (segFLASH) and steady-state free precession-based (segSSFP) imaging. More recently, single-shot SSFP techniques with respiratory motion-corrected averaging have emerged. ⋯ Single-shot late-enhancement imaging with motion-corrected averaging is feasible in children, robust at high heart rates and with variable R-R intervals, and can be performed without breath-holding with higher image quality ratings than standard breath-held techniques. Use of free-breathing single-shot motion-corrected technique does not compromise LGE image quality in children who can hold their breath, and it can significantly improve image quality in children who cannot hold their breath or who have significant arrhythmia.
-
Pediatric radiology · Jun 2016
An index for diagnosing infant hip dysplasia using 3-D ultrasound: the acetabular contact angle.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common condition that is highly treatable in infancy but can lead to the lifelong morbidity of premature osteoarthritis if left untreated. Current diagnostic methods lack reliability, which may be improved by using 3-D ultrasound. ⋯ The 3-D US ACA was significantly more reliable than 2-D US alpha angle, and the 3-D US measurement predicted the presence of DDH with slightly higher accuracy. The ACA therefore shows promising initial diagnostic utility. Our findings call for further study of 3-D US in the diagnosis and longer-term follow-up of infant hip dysplasia.
-
Pediatric radiology · Jun 2016
Acoustic radiation force impulse sonography in assessing children with biliary atresia for liver transplantation.
Children with biliary atresia are prone to developing progressive hepatic fibrosis and biliary cirrhosis following the Kasai operation. The only treatment is liver transplantation. ⋯ We found that children who were transplanted had two consecutive ARFI values ≥2 m/s during follow-up. ARFI for evaluation of post-Kasai liver fibrosis may assist the long-term assessment of biliary atresia and may even guide treatment decisions.