Pediatric radiology
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Transcranial Doppler US, a non-invasive tool for evaluating the cerebral arteries, has evolved significantly during the last two decades. This review describes the practical procedure, and summarises and illustrates its established and "work-in-progress" indications in children. Indications for a transcranial Doppler US examination include, but are not limited to: (1) evaluation of cerebral blood flow velocities in the circle of Willis in patients with sickle cell anaemia to guide transfusion therapy; (2) diagnosis and follow-up of vasculopathy, such as moyamoya disease; (3) diagnosis and monitoring of acute cerebrovascular disorders in intensive care patients, in particular following traumatic brain injury, and during cardiovascular surgery; and (4) confirmation of a clinical diagnosis of brain death by documentation of cerebral circulatory arrest.
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Pediatric radiology · May 2011
Case ReportsRupture of the left mainstem bronchus following endotracheal intubation in a neonate.
Tracheobronchial rupture is a rare diagnosis with very high associated mortality in the neonatal population. Our case demonstrates the opportunity to diagnose this entity in a neonate via CT and introduces the utility of virtual bronchoscopy in clinical scenarios that preclude traditional bronchoscopy.
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Pediatric radiology · Dec 2010
Can induced hypothermia be assured during brain MRI in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?
Until now, brain MRIs in asphyxiated neonates who are receiving therapeutic hypothermia have been performed after treatment is complete. However, there is increasing interest in utilizing early brain MRI while hypothermia is still being provided to rapidly understand the degree of brain injury and possibly refine neuroprotective strategies. This study was designed to assess whether therapeutic hypothermia can be maintained while performing a brain MRI. ⋯ The median difference between esophageal temperature on NICU departure and return was 0.1°C (range: -0.8 to 0.8°C). We found that therapeutic hypothermia can be safely and reproducibly maintained during a brain MRI. Hypothermia treatment should not prevent obtaining an early brain MRI if clinically indicated.