Pediatric radiology
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We present a sleeve fracture at the superior pole of the patella in a 12-year-old boy. Sleeve fractures at the inferior pole of the patella have been well described in the orthopedic and radiologic literature. However, a similar injury at the superior pole of the patella is relatively rare. We hope that awareness of this unusual injury and its imaging findings will allow timely diagnosis and intervention.
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Pediatric radiology · Jul 2007
Comparative StudySedation with nitrous oxide compared with no sedation during catheterization for urologic imaging in children.
Various strategies to mitigate children's distress during voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) have been described. Sedation with nitrous oxide is comparable to that with oral midazolam for VCUG, but a side-by-side comparison of nitrous oxide sedation and routine care is lacking. ⋯ Sedation with nitrous oxide is effective in reducing distress and pain during catheterization for VCUG or RNC in children.
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Pediatric radiology · Jun 2007
Benefit of fluoroscopically guided intraarticular, long-acting corticosteroid injection for subtalar arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Children with arthritis may endure a lifetime of disfigurement, dysfunction, and pain if acute inflammation progresses to chronic changes in the joint cartilage and underlying bone. Intraarticular steroids have become an integral component of treatment, but at times are difficult to deliver to joints, such as the subtalar joint, that have complex anatomies. ⋯ Fluoroscopically guided subtalar joint injection is an effective treatment for subtalar arthropathy. Prompt referral for intraarticular steroid treatment in the acute phase improves response. Skin changes often occur at the injection site, and specific precautions should be employed to reduce this risk. Prospective study is indicated to determine the most effective treatment strategy to prevent long-term pain and disability.
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Pediatric radiology · May 2007
Case ReportsImaging features of posterior mediastinal chordoma in a child.
A 5 1/2-year-old boy presented with repeated episodes of stridor and cough. Chest radiography demonstrated a widened mediastinum. ⋯ Our radiological results are described with an analysis of the imaging findings in the medical literature. We present our suggestions for preoperative evaluation of posterior mediastinal tumors.
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Pediatric radiology · Mar 2007
Comparative StudyContrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of persistent fifth aortic arch in children.
Cine angiography and echocardiography have been utilized to diagnose congenital aortic arch anomalies. However, the visualization of great vessels by echocardiography is limited, while cine angiography requires cardiac catheterization with ionizing radiation. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a noninvasive modality suitable for visualization of congenital aortic arch anomalies. ⋯ Contrast-enhanced MRA is a safe, accurate, and fast imaging technique for the evaluation of persistent fifth aortic arch and may obviate the need for conventional cine angiography. Cardiac catheterization may be reserved for some types of complicated congenital heart disease and for obtaining hemodynamic information.