Pediatric radiology
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Pediatric radiology · Oct 1999
Case ReportsThe development of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in a patient with prostaglandin-induced foveolar hyperplasia.
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) has been described in association with several obstructive antropyloric lesions including idiopathic foveolar hyperplasia (gastric mucosal hypertrophy), feeding tubes, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, and hypertrophic antral polyps. Non obstructive antral webs have also been described with HPS. ⋯ A common denominator of most of the above-described entities is thickening and/or hypertrophy of the antral mucosa. We suggest that the antropyloric musculature may hypertrophy in an effort to overcome the gastric-outlet obstruction caused by the adjacent thickened antral mucosa. In other words, these entities may represent examples of "secondary" hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
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Pediatric radiology · Sep 1999
Ultrasound features of intussusception predicting outcome of air enema.
To examine features identified on US which predict success or failure of air-enema reduction of intussusception. ⋯ Where free fluid, small-bowel obstruction, and trapped fluid are absent, almost 100 % success with air-enema reduction should be achievable. Where trapped fluid is present, air enema should be performed cautiously to avoid perforation caused by overvigorous attempts at pneumatic reduction of an incarcerated intussusception.
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Pediatric radiology · Sep 1999
Cervicomedullary astrocytomas of childhood: clinical and imaging follow-up.
BACKGROUND. Cervicomedullary astrocytomas are a unique subset of brainstem tumors in children because they have a good prognosis when compared to the pontine subset of brainstem gliomas. Objective. To review the clinical and imaging findings in a series of children with cervicomedullary astrocytomas as to diagnosis and management. ⋯ Cervicomedullary tumors are a unique subset of brainstem gliomas in childhood that present with a long duration of symptoms and a greater long-term survival than pontine gliomas.
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Spiral CT of the chest is an imaging technique with unequivocal indications and proven higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional chest X-rays. However, particularly in children, attempts should be made to reduce radiation exposure to a minimum. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate whether a low-dose technique in spiral CT scanning results in adequate diagnostic information. ⋯ For all indications in paediatric CT scanning of the chest, low-dose technique provides adequate image quality without loss of diagnostic information. The radiation exposure is approximately 5-20 % of a standard-dose CT.
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Pediatric radiology · Aug 1999
Case ReportsFluoroscopy-guided retrieval of a sheared endotracheal stylet sheath from the tracheobronchial tree in a premature infant.
Endotracheal intubation of premature infants with respiratory distress is a commonly performed procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit. We report a rare complication of this procedure, shearing of the plastic sheath that is bonded to and surrounds the stylet used to assist intubation and lodging of the sheared stylet in the tracheobronchial tree of a small premature infant. We suggest a method for removing the plastic foreign body using fluoroscopy and an Amplatz gooseneck snare directed through the existing endotracheal tube, a technique not previously reported.