Pediatric radiology
-
This paper reviews the techniques that we employ to perform musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging in the pediatric patient. We examine the procedures for preparation and screening of the patient and the protocols for sedation. The selection of imaging coils and sequences for the evaluation of the pediatric musculoskeletal system is also addressed, followed by a summary of scanning protocols.
-
Pediatric radiology · Oct 1996
Fundamentals of transorbital sonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath expansion under intracranial hypertension II. Patient study.
Up to now, the presence of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in acute neurological disorders is suspected by clinical and neuroimaging findings, but its verification depends on invasive techniques. Based on our experimental findings of rapid dilatation of human optic nerve sheaths (ONS), we investigated whether this phenomenon not only happens under chronic, but also under acute conditions of intracranial hypertension. Using optic nerve sonography the ONS was measured at 3 mm behind the papilla in axial transbulbar view. ⋯ Considering the error of measurement (0.35 mm), the ONSD is regarded as definitely enlarged when 5 mm is exceeded in children above age 4. In younger children, smaller ONSD have to be taken into consideration. We conclude that ultrasound studies of the optic nerve may contribute information about the acutely increased ICP in critically ill patients.
-
Pediatric radiology · Jan 1996
Comparative StudyLumbar spinal cord motion measurement with phase-contrast MR imaging in normal children and in children with spinal lipomas.
We assessed the normal movement of the lumbar spinal cord using phase-contrast MR imaging, and also the movement of the spinal cord in patients with spinal lipoma pre- and postoperatively. Phase-contrast MR imaging proved to be a valuable tool in this context.
-
Pediatric radiology · Jan 1996
Imaging gastrointestinal perforation in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma.
To assess the role of imaging, in particular CT, in the early detection of GI perforation. ⋯ Separating nondisrupting bowel injury from perforation is diagnostically difficult; however, CT remains a good modality for assessing GI perforation in pediatric blunt trauma, but it cannot replace diligent and repeated clinical evaluation of all potential perforation victims.
-
Pediatric radiology · Jan 1996
Safe use of power injectors with central and peripheral venous access devices for pediatric CT.
We report our experience in the safe use of power injectors with central and small-gauge peripheral venous access devices for intravenous administration of contrast agent to children undergoing computed tomography (CT) examinations. ⋯ In light of the low frequency of complications, power injectors and central venous access devices or small-gauge butterfly catheters are safe systems for delivery of intravenous contrast material to pediatric patients. We feel that our strict adherence to manufacturers' guidelines and previously reported techniques partially accounts for our success with these modes of delivery.