Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1994
Effects of dobutamine on the fatigued diaphragm: A comparison with dopamine.
We examined the effects of dopamine (DOA) 10 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1) I. V. and dobutamine (DOB) 10 μg·kg(-1). min(-1) I. V. on the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm in 26 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. ⋯ In each group, Pdi at both stimuli decreased after the cessation of administration. The integrated diaphragmatic electric activity (Edi) in the two groups did not change at any frequency of stimulation throughout the study. We conclude that DOB in comparison with DOA is more effective in improving the contractility of the fatigued diaphragm.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1994
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Airway occlusion pressure is an indicator of respiratory depression with isoflurane.
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the respiratory depressant effects of isoflurane (0%-1.0%) using airway occlusion pressure (P0.1), a known index of the output of the respiratory centers, in ten anesthetized patients. P0.1 was measured as the pressure change obtained after the first 0.1 sec of spontaneous inspiration against the occluded airway. A significant decrease in minute volume ([Formula: see text]) and a significant increase in PaCO 2 were not observed during the periods of isoflurane 1.0% at the end-tidal concentration compared with those of control period (0% isoflurane) (P<0.05), whereas a significant decrease in P0.1 was observed during the period of isoflurane 0.5%. Our results suggested that P0.1 was a more sensitive indicator of respiratory depression than PaCO 2 or[Formula: see text], and the respiratory center was depressed with a considerably lower concentration (0.5%) of isoflurane.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1994
High incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation in children.
Postoperative pulmonary complications were investigated in a total of 41 pediatric recipients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) between January, 1990 and March, 1992 at the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane. Atelectasis was seen in 40 cases (98%) of the 41 recipients, and occurred in the left lower lobe in 28 cases (68%), and in the right upper lobe in 25 cases (61%). Radiographic pulmonary edema occurred on 23 occasions in 18 recipients (45%). ⋯ Pneumothorax occurred in three cases. Pyothorax, hemothorax, bronchial asthma, and subglottic granulation occurred in one case each. The present study demonstrated that postoperative pulmonary complications are frequently observed in pediatric recipients undergoing OLT.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1994
Comparative study on the effects of acetated Ringer's solution, lactated Ringer's solution, Ringer's solution, and 5% glucose-acetated Ringer's solution on canine hemorrhagic shock.
The abilities of acetated Ringer's solution (AR), lactated Ringer's solution (LR), Ringer's solution (R), and 5% glucose-acetated Ringer's solution (AR-D) to improve canine hemorrhagic shock were investigated. All solutions studied were infused at 1 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) for 90 min after base excess (BE) reached about -13 mEq·l(-1) by maintaining the mean blood pressure (MBP) at 40 mmHg. MBP, renal blood flow (RBF), vertebral blood flow (VBF), and urinary output significantly increased after the start of infusion of AR, LR, R, and AR-D. ⋯ These results indicate that the effectiveness of various infusion solutions such as AR, LR, R, and AR-D during canine hemorrhagic shock varies. AR-D may be useful for increasing both peripheral blood flow and urine output. AR may also be useful for improvement in metabolic acidosis and surgical diabetes induced by hemorrhagic shock.
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Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1994
Tolerance to the mydriatic effect of buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, and cyclorphan, and cross-tolerance to morphine in mice.
An increase in the use of opioid derivatives in the treatment of pain syndrome in clinical practice, and especially in the treatment of cancer, has added impetus to the search for an agent which does not induce tolerance and cross-tolerance to other opiodis. The mydriatic effect of opioids in mice, the correlation between analgesia and mydriasis, and tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in mice were evaluated previously. ⋯ Tolerance and cross-tolerance to morphine were developed following a chronic use of buprenorphine, nalbuphine, and cyclorphan. After chronic injection of butorphanol, no tolerance or cross-tolerance to morphine was observed.