Clinical imaging
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This second portion of a two-part review illustrates examples of posterior fossa disorders detectable on prenatal ultrasound and MRI, with postnatal or pathology correlation where available. These disorders are discussed in the context of an anatomic classification scheme described in Part 1 of this posterior fossa anomaly review. Assessment of the size and formation of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis is critical. Diagnoses discussed here include arachnoid cyst, Blake's pouch cyst, Dandy-Walker malformation, vermian agenesis, Joubert syndrome, rhombencephalosynapsis, Chiari II malformation, ischemia, and tumors.
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Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare malignancy in the otolaryngeal region. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 16 patients with primary otolaryngeal NECs were summarized. Most of tumors occurred in the sinonasal cavity (n=9; 56.3%), then supraglottis (n=3; 18.8%). ⋯ All lesions showed moderate to marked enhancement, but homogeneously in well-differentiated tumors while heterogeneously in most of poorly differentiated tumors. Most sinonasal tumors were poorly differentiated and invaded adjacent bones. Primary otolaryngeal NECs might have some distinct features related to their origin and differentiation.
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The objective of the study was to describe the imaging appearances of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) on computed tomography (CT). ⋯ DIPNECH should be considered as a diagnostic possibility when multiple small pulmonary nodules are identified on CT, particularly if there is an associated carcinoid tumor.