Journal of clinical pharmacology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Theophylline Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing in Children Following Congenital Heart Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.
Children undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) frequently develop acute kidney injury due to renal ischemia. Theophylline, which improves renal perfusion via adenosine receptor inhibition, is a potential targeted therapy. However, children undergoing cardiac surgery and CPB commonly have alterations in drug pharmacokinetics. ⋯ Compared to prior reports in noncardiac children, theophylline clearance was markedly reduced across age. In the final population pharmacokinetic model, optimized empiric dosing regimens were developed via Monte Carlo simulations. Doses 50% to 75% lower than those recommended in noncardiac children were needed to achieve target serum concentrations of 5 to 10 mg/L.
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We present a race-specific model of propofol-induced loss of consciousness that is based on pharmacodynamic data collected and adapted from the peer-reviewed literature. In the proposed race-specific model that includes EC05 and EC95 concentrations, the median (EC50) (and where available 95%CI) propofol concentrations at the effect site compartment for propofol-induced loss of consciousness for whites, Chinese, blacks, and Indians are 2.8 (2.7-2.9), 2.2 (2.2-2.3), 2.0, and 1.9 μg/mL, respectively.