Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialOral ondansetron, tropisetron or metoclopramide to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting: a comparison in high-risk patients undergoing thyroid or parathyroid surgery.
Oral antiemetic prophylaxis may be a practical alternative to intravenous administration. Intravenous ondansetron and tropisetron prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) at least as efficiently as traditional antiemetics, droperidol and metoclopramide. We tested the hypothesis that the incidence of PONV after oral ondansetron or tropisetron prophylaxis is lower compared with metoclopramide among high-risk patients. ⋯ In the initial period, the incidence of PONV was lower after premedication with oral tropisetron than after ondansetron or metoclopramide. Considering the entire 24-h postoperative period, the incidence of PONV was the same after all three premedications, but the incidence of vomiting was lower after oral ondansetron and tropisetron than after metoclopramide.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe sevoflurane saving capacity of a new anaesthetic agent conserving device compared with a low flow circle system.
An anaesthetic agent conserving device (ACD) has been added to a Bain system to approach the agent-saving capacity of a low flow circle system. ⋯ The expenditure of sevoflurane with a Bain system + ACD was close to that in a circle system with 1.5 l/min fresh gas flow. It is thereby possible to use sevoflurane to all its potential, performing for example rapid alterations in end-tidal concentration using high fresh gas flows by combining a Bain system with an ACD. Although the price is not decided for this not yet commercially available device, a potential for a lower cost exists. Additionally, there will be no concerns of toxic compounds produced in the absorber.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAirway closure in anesthetized infants and children: influence of inspiratory pressures and volumes.
Cyclic opening and closing of lung units during tidal breathing may be an important cause of iatrogenic lung injury. We hypothesized that airway closure is uncommon in children with healthy lungs when inspiratory pressures are kept low, but paradoxically may occur when inspiratory pressures are increased. ⋯ Airway closure within tidal volumes may occur in artificially ventilated healthy children during ventilation with low inspiratory pressure. However, the risk of airway closure and thus opening within the tidal volume increases when the inspiratory pressures are increased.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialImpact of laryngeal mask airway and tracheal tube on pulmonary function during the early postoperative period.
The tracheal tube (TT) produces reversible bronchoconstriction and increases pulmonary airway resistance compared to the laryngeal mask airway (LMA). The possible persistence of this effect in the postoperative period has not been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the early postoperative pulmonary function in healthy patients undergoing minor surgical procedures with the LMA or with the TT. ⋯ This study demonstrates greater early postoperative respiratory restrictive syndrome and lower arterial oxygen saturation following tracheal intubation compared to LMA use in patients without respiratory disease.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Clinical TrialEffect of CO(2) pneumoperitoneum on ventilation-perfusion relationships during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Previous studies have shown that pneumoperitoneum transiently reduces venous admixture as assessed by a calculation based on the shunt formula, and increases arterial oxygen tension (PaO(2)) in patients without heart or lung disease. The aim of the present study was to further explore the relationship between ventilation-perfusion (V(A)/Q) before and during pneumoperitoneum by using the multiple inert gas technique. ⋯ In patients without heart or lung disease, pneumoperitoneum at an intra-abdominal pressure level of 11-13 mmHg causes a transient reduction of the pulmonary shunt. The mechanisms underlying the present finding remain to be elucidated.