Neurosurgery clinics of North America
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Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. · Oct 2011
Review Comparative StudyTrigeminal nerve stimulation: seminal animal and human studies for epilepsy and depression.
The unique ability to stimulate bilaterally, extracranially, and non-invasively may represent a significant advantage to invasive neuromodulation therapies. In humans thus far the technique has been applied noninvasively, and is termed external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNSTM).
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Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. · Oct 2011
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialResponsive neurostimulation suppresses synchronized cortical rhythms in patients with epilepsy.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for Parkinson's disease, and is increasingly used for other neuropsychiatric conditions including epilepsy. Nevertheless, neural mechanisms for DBS and other forms of neurostimulation remain elusive. ⋯ Neurostimulation acutely suppressed gamma frequency (35-100 Hz) phase-locking. This may represent a therapeutic mechanism by which responsive neurostimulation can suppress epileptiform activity and disconnect stimulated regions from downstream targets in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. · Oct 2011
ReviewImplanted subdural electrodes: safety issues and complication avoidance.
Invasive electroencephalography via subdural implanted electrodes is essential for the identification and localization of the epileptogenic focus in a large percentage of cases of medically refractory epilepsy. The implantation of subdural electrodes constitutes a widely used method for the preoperative investigation of these patients. ⋯ This article systematically reviews the literature regarding safety issues, potential complications, and complication avoidance strategies associated with the implantation of subdural electrodes. Knowledge of all the reported complications may help in their early detection and their prompt management.
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Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. · Oct 2011
Historical ArticleResponsive neurostimulation for the treatment of epilepsy.
Neurostimulation in epilepsy has witnessed a century-long evolution that has resulted in the use of neurostimulation to both modulate and suppress abnormal neuronal firing. The recent development of advanced responsive stimulation via a closed-loop device (the RNS System) has provided evidence that surgical epilepsy treatment continues to move toward the possibility of reducing or eliminating seizures in medically refractory patients.