Physiological research
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Physiological research · Jul 2020
ReviewCovid-19 infection and the host genetic predisposition: does it exist?
Knowledge of genomic interindividual variability could help us to explain why different manifestation of clinical severity of Covid-19 infection as well as modified pharmacogenetic relations can be expected during this pandemic condition.
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Physiological research · Dec 2016
ReviewThe safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: implications for cancer therapy including immuno-checkpoint inhibitors.
Monoclonal antibody-based treatment of cancer has been established as one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. In addition to targeting cancer antigens antibodies can also modulate immunological pathways that are critical to immune surveillance. ⋯ Based on their mechanism of action, these agents can exert toxicities that are unlike conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, whose nature is close to autoimmune diseases - immune related adverse events (irAEs). In this review we focus on the spectrum of irAEs associated with immune checkpoint antibodies, discussing the pharmacological treatment strategy and possible clinical impact.
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The main neuromodulatory methods using neurostimulation principles are described. It concerns peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), motor cortex stimulation (MSC), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). ⋯ In addition to the positive effects, side effects and complications are described and discussed in detail. In conclusion, neuromodulatory (neurostimulatory) techniques are highly recommended for the treatment of different types of pharmacoresistant pain.
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The kidney is a common "victim organ" of various insults in critically ill patients. Sepsis and septic shock are the dominant causes of acute kidney injury, accounting for nearly 50 % of episodes of acute renal failure. ⋯ This review briefly summarizes our current knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms of septic acute kidney injury focusing on hemodynamic alterations, peritubular dysfunction, role of inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide, mitochondrial dysfunction and structural changes. Role of proteomics, new promising laboratory method, is mentioned.
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Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening complication, known for almost 100 years, but its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood. This review summarizes current knowledge about the etiology and pathophysiology of neurogenic pulmonary edema. The roles of systemic sympathetic discharge, central nervous system trigger zones, intracranial pressure, inflammation and anesthesia in the etiopathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary edema are considered in detail. The management of the patient and experimental models of neurogenic pulmonary edema are also discussed.