Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jan 2006
Reduction in breast cancer mortality from organized service screening with mammography: 1. Further confirmation with extended data.
In an earlier publication, our evaluation of data from breast cancer screening programs in seven Swedish counties suggested a 40% reduction in incidence-based breast cancer mortality among women actually screened. In the current study, we expand the previous analysis from seven counties to 13 large areas within nine counties, including six of the original counties and seven additional areas, examine a longer period of follow-up (20-44 years), apply new analytic methods for the evaluation of incidence-based breast cancer mortality, and estimate the number needed to screen to save one life. ⋯ These results indicate a reduction in breast cancer mortality of between 40% and 45% in association with screening, after adjustment for self-selection bias. These results were obtained with modest human costs: the number needed to screen to save one life was estimated as 472.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jan 2006
Multicenter StudyEffect of NAT1 and NAT2 genetic polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk associated with exposure to tobacco smoke and meat consumption.
N-Acetyltransferases 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2), both being highly polymorphic, are involved in the metabolism of aromatic and heterocyclic aromatic amines present in cigarette smoke and red meat cooked by high-temperature cooking techniques. We investigated the effect of differences in acetylation capacity, determined by NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes, on colorectal cancer risk associated with exposure to tobacco smoke or red meat consumption. In this population-based case-control study in Germany, 505 patients with incident colorectal cancer and 604 age- and sex-matched control individuals with genotyping data and detailed risk factor information were included. ⋯ Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer only among NAT2 fast acetylators (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-5.9 for exposure in childhood and adulthood). Frequent consumption of red meat significantly increased colorectal cancer risk for the group comprising all NAT2 fast acetylators or carriers of the NAT1*10 allele (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.1) but not among those with "slow" NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes. Our findings indicate that NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes may contribute jointly to individual susceptibility and that heterocyclic aromatic amines may play an important role in colorectal cancer associated with red meat and possibly also exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jan 2006
Reduction in breast cancer mortality from the organised service screening with mammography: 2. Validation with alternative analytic methods.
In our companion article, incidence-based mortality analysis of data from breast cancer screening programs in 13 areas in Sweden indicated a 40% to 45% reduction in incidence-based breast cancer mortality among women actually screened. In this article, we apply new analytic methods for the evaluation of breast cancer mortality, using all breast cancer deaths in the period under study. ⋯ These results indicate a reduction in breast cancer mortality of 39% in association with screening, after adjustment for contemporaneous changes and self-selection bias. These results confirm previous conclusions arrived at using incidence-based mortality analyses.