Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Apr 2007
IL6, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and breast cancer risk in women living in the southwestern United States.
Interleukin-6 is a cytokine thought to be involved in inflammation, insulin, and estrogen-related pathways. We evaluate genetic variation in the IL6 gene with risk of breast cancer. We also evaluate breast cancer associations with aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ⋯ Among non-Hispanic white, the inverse association with aspirin was not statistically significant. IL6 genotype and haplotype significantly modified the association between aspirin and breast cancer, with the greatest effect modification being among women not recently exposed to hormones [P interaction = 0.06 (for non-Hispanic white) and 0.04 (for Hispanic/Native American) and SNP rs1800796 or -572G>C]. These data suggest that IL6 is associated with breast cancer risk and modifies the association between estrogen and aspirin and breast cancer risk.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Apr 2007
A systematic approach to analysing gene-gene interactions: polymorphisms at the microsomal epoxide hydrolase EPHX and glutathione S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 loci and breast cancer risk.
We undertook a case-control study in an Australian Caucasian population-based sample of 1,246 cases and 664 controls to assess the roles of detoxification gene polymorphisms EPHX T>C Tyr(113)His, GSTT1 deletion, GSTM1 deletion, and GSTP1 A>G Ile(105)Val on risk of breast cancer. ⋯ Detoxification gene polymorphisms may interact with each other to result in small groups of individuals at modestly increased risk. We caution against overinterpretation and suggest that pooling of similarly large studies is needed to clarify the possible role of such complex gene-gene interactions on breast cancer risk. 2007;16(4):769-74).
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Apr 2007
Induction of the phase 2 response in mouse and human skin by sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout extracts.
The isothiocyanate sulforaphane was isolated from broccoli extracts in a bioactivity-guided fractionation as the principal and very potent inducer of cytoprotective phase 2 enzymes and subsequently shown to inhibit tumor development in animal models that involve various carcinogens and target organs. Because broccoli and broccoli sprouts are widely consumed, extracts obtained from them are viewed as convenient vehicles for sulforaphane delivery to humans. In relation to our current interest in devising strategies for protection against UV light-induced skin cancer, it was necessary to examine the safety and efficacy of topical application of sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout extracts as single and multiple doses in both mice and humans. ⋯ Quantitative assessment of the activity of NQO1 24 h after dosing showed increases of 1.5- and 2.7-fold after application of single and multiple (thrice, every 24 h) doses, respectively. A dose-escalation safety study in healthy human subjects revealed no adverse reactions when doses as high as 340 nmol of sulforaphane in the form of broccoli sprout extracts were applied topically to the center of a 1-cm-diameter circle drawn on the volar forearm. A subsequent efficacy study showed that despite the interindividual differences in basal levels, the enzyme activity of NQO1 in homogenates of 3-mm full thickness skin punch biopsies increased in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum increases of 1.5- and 4.5-fold after application of 150 nmol doses, once or three times (at 24 h-intervals), respectively, thus providing direct evidence for induction of the phase 2 response in humans.