Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Nov 2014
ReviewImplementation science in cancer prevention and control: a framework for research and programs in low- and middle-income countries.
Implementation science is a set of tools, principles, and methodologies that can be used to bring scientific evidence into action, improve health care quality and delivery, and improve public health. As the burden of cancer increases in low- and middle-income countries, it is important to plan cancer control programs that are both evidence based and delivered in ways that are feasible, cost-effective, contextually appropriate, and sustainable. This review presents a framework for using implementation science for cancer control planning and implementation and discusses potential areas of focus for research and programs in low- and middle-income countries interested in integrating research into practice and policy.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Nov 2014
EditorialPatient and provider characteristics associated with colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening among Asian Americans.
Routinely recommended screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers can significantly reduce mortality from these types of cancer, yet screening is underutilized among Asians. Surveys rely on self-report and often are underpowered for analysis by Asian ethnicities. Electronic health records (EHR) include validated (as opposed to recall-based) rates of cancer screening. In this article, we seek to better understand cancer screening patterns in a population of insured Asian Americans. ⋯ This study demonstrates how the use of EHR data can inform investigations of primary prevention practices within the healthcare delivery setting.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Nov 2014
The heritability of prostate cancer in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer.
Prostate cancer is thought to be the most heritable cancer, although little is known about how this genetic contribution varies across age. ⋯ Findings affect the search for genetic and epigenetic markers and frame prevention efforts.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Nov 2014
Observational StudyThe paracrine hormone for the GUCY2C tumor suppressor, guanylin, is universally lost in colorectal cancer.
Although colorectal cancer is a disease characterized by sequential accumulation of mutations in epithelial cells, mechanisms leading to genomic vulnerability contributing to tumor initiation remain undefined. GUCY2C has emerged as an intestine-specific tumor suppressor controlling epithelial homeostasis through circuits canonically disrupted in cancer. Surprisingly, the GUCY2C tumor suppressor is universally overexpressed by human colorectal cancer cells. This apparent paradox likely reflects silencing of GUCY2C through loss of its paracrine hormone guanylin. Here, we quantified expression of guanylin mRNA and protein in tumors and normal epithelia from patients with colorectal cancer. ⋯ Intestinal tumorigenesis may be prevented by oral GUCY2C hormone replacement therapy.