Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jan 2006
Multicenter StudyEffect of NAT1 and NAT2 genetic polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk associated with exposure to tobacco smoke and meat consumption.
N-Acetyltransferases 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2), both being highly polymorphic, are involved in the metabolism of aromatic and heterocyclic aromatic amines present in cigarette smoke and red meat cooked by high-temperature cooking techniques. We investigated the effect of differences in acetylation capacity, determined by NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes, on colorectal cancer risk associated with exposure to tobacco smoke or red meat consumption. In this population-based case-control study in Germany, 505 patients with incident colorectal cancer and 604 age- and sex-matched control individuals with genotyping data and detailed risk factor information were included. ⋯ Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer only among NAT2 fast acetylators (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-5.9 for exposure in childhood and adulthood). Frequent consumption of red meat significantly increased colorectal cancer risk for the group comprising all NAT2 fast acetylators or carriers of the NAT1*10 allele (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.1) but not among those with "slow" NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes. Our findings indicate that NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes may contribute jointly to individual susceptibility and that heterocyclic aromatic amines may play an important role in colorectal cancer associated with red meat and possibly also exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Jan 2006
Reduction in breast cancer mortality from the organised service screening with mammography: 2. Validation with alternative analytic methods.
In our companion article, incidence-based mortality analysis of data from breast cancer screening programs in 13 areas in Sweden indicated a 40% to 45% reduction in incidence-based breast cancer mortality among women actually screened. In this article, we apply new analytic methods for the evaluation of breast cancer mortality, using all breast cancer deaths in the period under study. ⋯ These results indicate a reduction in breast cancer mortality of 39% in association with screening, after adjustment for contemporaneous changes and self-selection bias. These results confirm previous conclusions arrived at using incidence-based mortality analyses.
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Analgesic use has been implicated in the chemoprevention of a number of solid tumors, but thus far, no previous research has focused on the role of aspirin in endometrial cancer etiology. ⋯ We observed no evidence of an overall chemoprotective effect of aspirin on endometrial cancer risk, but the significant risk reductions among obese women warrant further investigation.
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Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. · Oct 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyDoes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use modify the effect of a low-fat, high-fiber diet on recurrence of colorectal adenomas?
The Polyp Prevention Trial was designed to evaluate the effects of a high-fiber (18 g/1,000 kcal), high-fruit and -vegetable (3.5 servings/1,000 kcal), low-fat (20% energy) diet on recurrence of adenomatous polyps. Participants > or =35 years of age, with histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma(s) removed in the prior 6 months, were randomized to the intervention or control group. Demographic, dietary, and clinical information, including use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), was collected at baseline and four annual visits. ⋯ The protective association observed for NSAID use was stronger among control (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47-0.84) than for intervention group participants (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.74-1.28). These results should be interpreted cautiously given that they may have arisen by chance in the course of examining multiple associations and Polyp Prevention Trial study participants were not randomly assigned to both dietary intervention and NSAID use. Nevertheless, our results suggest that adopting a low-fat, high-fiber diet rich in fruits and vegetables may lower the risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence among individuals who do not regularly use NSAIDs.