The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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To evaluate the role of a new formulation of lidocaine (ELA-max) in local anesthesia in children and compare it with the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA). ⋯ Further investigation is needed to determine the effectiveness of ELA-max on other painful procedures in children, as well as its safety.
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To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety studies, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage and administration of parecoxib sodium, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. ⋯ Parecoxib sodium is in the final stages of Phase III trials and has a favorable safety and efficacy profile. Its place in moderate to severe postsurgical pain management will be further defined when more pharmacoeconomic and postmarketing safety data are available. Theoretical benefits are its lower potential for gastrointestinal adverse effects compared with ketorolac and lower opioid requirements after surgery.
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A theoretical model of physician/pharmacist collaborative relationships, driven by 3 groups of relationship characteristics termed participant, context, and exchange, has been developed. There are no studies that have examined the types of characteristics which most influence development of collaborative relationships between physicians and pharmacists. ⋯ Although participant and context factors influenced physician/pharmacist collaborative relationships, exchange characteristics were the most influential relationship drivers. Role specification, trustworthiness, and relationship initiation were positively associated with physician/pharmacist collaborative practice. Recognition of these drivers may help pharmacists who are developing collaborative working relationships with physicians. But, studies are needed to delineate other factors that may influence physician/pharmacist relationships.
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The major risk associated with metformin is lactic acidosis. The incidence of lactic acidosis is not clear. Hypoglycemia is not expected to be a major concern after metformin exposure. ⋯ Severe adverse events after exposure to metformin are not common, occurring in approximately 1% of cases; this is in agreement with previous reports. The presence of hypotension, acidosis, elevated anion gap, hyperglycemia, and coma may be prognostic of severe or fatal outcome.
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To report 2 cases of transitory cerebellar ataxia related to lidocaine administered topically for endoscopy. case summaries: Two patients developed transitory cerebellar ataxia a few minutes after local anesthesia using lidocaine 10% spray and lidocaine 2% orally for a bronchoscopy and transesophageal echocardiography. This effect completely disappeared in 3-5 hours. In neither case was an alternate etiology of cerebellar ataxia identified. The second patient had previously experienced a similar reaction to lidocaine. ⋯ Cerebellar ataxia may occur after local anesthesia with lidocaine; therefore, care must be taken to avoid overdose, even when administered topically.