The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by cyclical nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain often relieved with hot showers. Patients with CHS are usually long-term cannabis smokers whose symptoms are not relieved by antiemetics. The use of topical capsaicin has been recently reported as an adjunctive therapy in the emergency department (ED). ⋯ This is the largest retrospective study describing capsaicin cream use in suspected CHS patients with a focus on abdominal pain relief. Capsaicin treatment was associated with a modest pain score reduction. Application of these findings may help providers in identifying more effective therapies to provide symptomatic relief for CHS patients.
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Meta Analysis
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Delirium in Elderly Surgical Patients: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on delirium in elderly surgical patients. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine reduced delirium incidence in elderly surgical patients. The efficacy of dexmedetomidine on delirium for elderly cardiac surgical patients warrants further studies. Furthermore, dexmedetomidine was associated with an increased bradycardia incidence, shorter length of ICU/hospital stays, and a lower incidence of mortality.
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Accurate monitoring of intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) is essential to mitigate the risk of adverse drug events associated with dosing errors. Although recent data support anti-factor Xa (anti-Xa) monitoring preferentially over activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to improve time to therapeutic anticoagulation, the utility of incorporating anti-Xa monitoring with a calculation-free weight-based UFH nomogram has not been formally evaluated. ⋯ This study demonstrated that anti-Xa UFH monitoring integrated with a calculation-free nomogram results in faster time to therapeutic anticoagulation and fewer dose adjustments compared with aPTT monitoring with manual calculations.
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While albumin has not been shown to reduce mortality in sepsis and septic shock, a tertiary analysis of a large trial suggested that it may reduce the duration of vasopressor use in septic shock. ⋯ Albumin use in septic shock was not associated with additional days alive and free of vasopressors or in-hospital mortality. The finding of fewer ventilator- and ICU-free days may reflect selection of patients who were critically ill for longer periods of time before or after albumin administration. Additional study is needed to clarify the impact that timing may have on the effectiveness of albumin in septic shock.
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Observational Study
Evaluation of Acute Postoperative Pain Management During an Injectable Opioid Shortage.
Drug product shortages, including injectable opioids, are common and have the potential to adversely affect patient care. ⋯ In hospitalized, postoperative adults, an injectable opioid shortage was associated with significant decreases in IV opioid use and severe pain scores but no significant differences in nonopioid analgesic use, safety outcomes, or opioid equivalent doses. These results may assist clinicians in developing strategies for injectable opioid shortages and generating hypotheses for future studies.