The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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To determine the stability of lorazepam over a 24-hour period when prepared in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags at initial concentrations of 0.08 and 0.5 mg/mL. ⋯ These data suggest that significant loss of lorazepam occurs as the probable result of sorption to PVC bags when admixed in both D5W and NaCl 0.9% solutions at 21 and 4 degrees C.
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To review exogenous surfactant use in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature neonates. ⋯ The use of beractant and colfosceril palmitate in premature infants has clearly decreased morbidity and mortality associated with RDS. Only one trial has compared the efficacy of beractant with that of colfosceril in the treatment of RDS. There does not appear to be a distinct advantage of one product over another. Early treatment of infants at highest risk for RDS, those less than 26-28 weeks gestation, seems to be beneficial over waiting for RDS to progress in severity. Further research needs to be performed to determine the optimal dosing and timing of these agents, as well as comparative trials studying efficacy. Criteria for use of these products need to be further defined to decrease the incidence of unnecessary treatment.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Patient-controlled analgesia versus patient-controlled analgesia plus continuous infusion after hip replacement surgery.
To compare the efficacy and adverse effect profile of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) versus PCA plus continuous infusion (PCACI) after hip replacement surgery. ⋯ When compared with PCA therapy, PCACI was not associated with improved pain control and more patients receiving PCACI required discontinuation of therapy secondary to adverse effects.
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Comparative Study
Predicting unbound phenytoin concentrations in the critically ill neurosurgical patient.
To assess the correlation of measured unbound phenytoin concentration (dphF) to estimated unbound concentration (dphEF) using the Sheiner-Tozer equation in critically ill patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. ⋯ These results indicate that, in this population, the Sheiner-Tozer estimate of dphEF provides an unbiased, precise clinical estimate of dphF in patients for whom measured dphF is unavailable or impractical.
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To report a case of suspected neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) associated with clozapine therapy. ⋯ NMS may be a possible complication of clozapine therapy.