The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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To evaluate the presence and the relationship between postoperative nystagmus and nausea. ⋯ The presence of nystagmus in the early part of recovery from general anesthesia is associated with a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting during the first postoperative day.
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To update readers on the clinical management of infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to provide a general description of the organism, culture and susceptibility testing, and clinical manifestations of the disease, and to provide several aspects of the treatment of the disease, including historical perspective, current approaches, and research opportunities for the future. ⋯ Tremendous effort and far more funding will be required to eliminate TB in the US. The selection of drug therapy must be based on the susceptibility data for each isolate. Multiple-drug therapy must be continued for 6 to > or = 24 months, and patient adherence to prescribed regimens must be verified in all cases of TB. Significant antimycobacterial drug malabsorption has been documented in AIDS patients with TB, and may result in treatment failure. New agents are needed to improve the clinical outcome in patients with MDR-TB.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Peripheral intravenous line survival and phlebitis prevention in patients receiving intravenous antibiotics: heparin/hydrocortisone versus in-line filters.
To compare the use of in-line filtration with the addition of heparin/hydrocortisone (hep/hc) to the infusate for both phlebitis prevention and intravenous (i.v.) line survival in peripheral i.v. catheters. This study was specific for a patient group receiving prolonged courses of i.v. antibiotics. Analysis of the two endpoints for conventional short i.v. catheters (short lines) versus long (30 cm) i.v. catheters (long lines) was also performed. ⋯ The effectiveness of i.v. filters in excluding the large particle load introduced by i.v. antibiotics and hence in reducing the subsequent phlebitis makes them a useful alternative to the use of hep/hc. The use of filters in this patient group may offer advantages in terms of ease of use and a possible decrease in hep/hc-related problems. Long lines offer practical advantages over short lines for patients requiring longer term i.v. access.
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Multicenter Study
Multicenter postmarketing surveillance of ondansetron therapy in pediatric patients.
To identify prescribing patterns of ondansetron, to provide a general overview of the therapeutic responses and possible adverse effects to ondansetron in selected children's hospitals, and to evaluate this methodology of surveillance and assess its effectiveness as a means to collect postmarketing experience with a drug in pediatric patients. ⋯ This study documents off-label use of ondansetron in children. Further study of ondansetron use in children less than four years of age, and for indications other than chemotherapy-induced emesis, is needed. Additional evaluation into the most cost-effective dosing of ondansetron would also be valuable.