Paediatric anaesthesia
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This prospective study aimed to assess the extent of spread of dye in the epidural space and whether it would vary in direct proportion to the volume when injecting two volumes of dye. ⋯ There is a difference in quantitative as well as qualitative spread in different patients and in the same patient with different volumes. There were statistically significant increases in the number of segments, circumferential, anterior and posterior locations in the 1.0 ml group. Both extent and density of spread improve with the higher volume but not in direct proportion to volume. 1 ml.kg(-1) has a better quantitative as well as qualitative spread than 0.5 ml and has a better chance of producing adequate anaesthesia.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2003
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffective reduction of anxiety and pain during venous cannulation in children: a comparison of analgesic efficacy conferred by nitrous oxide, EMLA and combination.
EMLA cream is the current technique of choice to reduce pain during venous cannulation in most paediatric practice. Its use is limited by logistic arrangements and failure to improve cooperation and allay anxiety. Nitrous oxide (N2O) would appear to be an effective alternative. A combination technique may be useful in selected patients. ⋯ EMLA and 50% N2O are equally effective for pain reduction while a combination technique provides superior analgesia and satisfaction. N2O has an advantage over EMLA in reduction of pain related behaviour in older children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2003
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialCaudal bupivacaine and s(+)-ketamine for postoperative analgesia in children.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether caudal s-ketamine would prolong analgesia together with caudal bupivacaine. ⋯ Addition of preservative-free s-ketamine 0.5 mg.kg(-1) to caudal bupivacaine 0.125% 1 ml.kg(-1) provides significant prolongation of analgesia without producing negative side-effects.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2003
Case ReportsAnaesthetic and airway management in a child with Hanhart's syndrome.
Hanhart's syndrome (oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome) is a rare disease characterized by hypoglossia/aglossia, various distal limb defects and micrognathia. Difficult airway due to micrognathia may complicate anaesthetic management in this syndrome. We describe the anaesthetic management of a child with Hanhart's syndrome undergoing plastic reconstructive surgery.