Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Case ReportsUnsuspected sublingual mass causing difficult intubation in an infant.
A case is described of a difficult intubation in an infant presenting for cleft palate closure, due to an unsuspected sublingual mass. The report stresses the fact that multiple anomalies can coexist in an infant and contribute to difficult intubation through different mechanisms. Various airway management strategies are explored.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Comparative Study Clinical TrialS-ketamine and s-norketamine plasma concentrations after nasal and i.v. administration in anesthetized children.
It has been suggested that nasal administration of s-ketamine may be used to improve sedation or premedication in combination with nasal midazolam in pediatric patients. In this study we measured and compared plasma concentrations of s-ketamine and its main metabolite s-norketamine after nasal and i.v. administration in preschool children. ⋯ Nasal administration of s-ketamine 2 mg x kg(-1) results in a wide spread of plasma concentrations and absorption times. Rapid and high level drug absorption after nasal drug administration is possible. The use of a pulse oximeter and continuous observation after nasal administration of s-ketamine for pediatric premedication is recommended.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Case ReportsAirway protection with the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in a child.
We describe a case where a size 2 ProSeal laryngeal mask airway successfully channelled regurgitated fluid away from the respiratory tract in a 5-year-old child following an inguinal hernia repair.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialOral clonidine does not change ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in sevoflurane-anesthetized children.
Clonidine is a useful premedicant for pediatric anesthesia. The drug has potential for ventilatory depression. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of clonidine premedication on the ventilatory response to hypercapnia during sevoflurane anesthesia using the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) steady state method. ⋯ These data suggest that oral clonidine is a suitable premedication for sevoflurane anesthesia under spontaneous breathing conditions in children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Comparative Study Clinical TrialTissue oxygenation monitoring during major pediatric surgery using transcutaneous liver near infrared spectroscopy.
The aim of the study was to compare liver tissue oxygenation determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with central venous oxygen saturation (SvO(2)) and intestinal perfusion as measured by gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) in pediatric surgical patients. ⋯ TOI(Liver) provided a better trend monitor of central venous oxygen saturation than gastric intramucosal pH. Because of its limited sensitivity and specificity to indicate deterioration of SvO(2), liver tissue oxygenation measured by transcutaneous NIRS does not provide additional practical information for clinical management.