Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2023
ReviewAcute Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted many lives globally. Neurologic manifestations have been observed among individuals at various stages and severity of the disease, the most common being stroke. Prompt identification of these neurologic diagnoses can affect patient management and prognosis. This article discusses the acute neuroradiological features typical of COVID-19, including cerebrovascular disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, leukoencephalopathy, and sensory neuropathies.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2023
ReviewThe Changing Epidemiology of Central Nervous System Infection: Can Radiologists Keep Up?
Diagnostic radiologists can increase their clinical value by supplementing image pattern recognition with knowledge of epidemiology and geographic distribution of central nervous system (CNS) infections and their causative organisms. This article reviews the changing global disease patterns, as well as zoonotic outbreaks of henipaviruses, coronaviruses, and other emerging, reemerging, and vector-borne organisms; case examples highlight typical imaging features of CNS infections and their mimics. Technical advances in neuroimaging help to enhance the value of radiologists to the multidisciplinary team and the responses to future pandemic preparation.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2023
ReviewCoronavirus Disease: Subacute to Chronic Neuroimaging Findings.
Several neurologic disorders are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this article, clinical syndromes typically occurring in the subacute to chronic phase of illness and their neuroimaging findings are described with discussion of their COVID-19 specific features and prognosis. Proposed pathogenic mechanisms of these neuroimaging findings and challenges in determining etiology are reviewed.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2023
ReviewImaging of Uncommon Bacterial, Rickettsia, Spirochete, and Fungal Infections.
This article reviews uncommon bacterial (brucellosis, actinomycosis, neuromelioidosis, nocardiosis, whipple disease, and listeriosis), Rickettsia, spirochete (neurosyphilis and Lyme disease), and fungal (mucormycosis, aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and Cladophialophora bantiana) diseases affecting central nervous system (CNS), focusing primarily on their cranial manifestations. These infections often show a variety of neuroimaging features that may be similar or differ from typical pyogenic bacterial meningitis and abscess. Familiarity with these patterns is essential for timely recognition and initiation of appropriate management. Neuroimaging is also useful for identifying complications of CNS infections and follow-up evaluation after initiation of treatment.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2023
ReviewImaging of Congenital/Childhood Central Nervous System Infections.
This article highlights the changing profile of the pediatric patient with central nervous system infection as countries develop and the roles of different imaging modalities such as cranial ultrasound, MR imaging, and computed tomography. It discusses the commonly encountered congenital toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex (TORCH) infections, Group B Streptococcal and Escherichia coli infections in the neonatal period, and disease outbreaks affecting children. Iatrogenic, opportunistic, and immune-mediated changes as well as long-term effects of infection and mimics of infection are also discussed. Variety of images is provided to show the range of neuroimaging findings encountered, particularly on cranial ultrasound and MR imaging.