Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Spinal cord infections can present with a wide variety of imaging findings, depending on the pathogen and the host's immune status. Infectious myelitis can have a characteristic distribution of lesions within the spinal cord, which refine the differential disease. ⋯ Infectious arachnoiditis and meningitis must be differentiated from neoplasms. Spondylitis has many mimickers and requires careful interpretations of images, clinical findings, and follow-up information.
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The complex anatomy and deep spaces of the head and neck limit physical examination while also offering many points for entry and spread of infection. Radiologic imaging plays a crucial role in managing head and neck infections by defining the location and extent of disease, facilitating abscess drainage, and identifying complications. This review provides essential background and examples for imaging infection throughout the head and neck region.
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The following article details the muscular anatomy of the head and neck, including insertion, origin, action and innervation, organized by anatomic subunit and/or major action. This article also describes the spaces of the head and neck, including boundaties and contents. Finally, cervical lymph nodes are addressed according to anatomic location and lymphatic drainage.
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We review anatomy of the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine. Knowledge of normal anatomy is vital when reviewing imaging of the spine because it allows for the detection of abnormal findings. We emphasize the normal appearance of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine on imaging, focusing on the most common imaging techniques of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as highlighting a few less common and emerging imaging techniques that can evaluate the spine.
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The root of the neck is the junctional anatomic structure between the thoracic inlet, the axilla, and the lower neck. The detailed radiological anatomy of this critical area is discussed in this review.