Neuroimaging clinics of North America
-
Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2023
ReviewHuman Immunodeficiency Virus: Opportunistic Infections and Beyond.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has changed the epidemiology of HIV in the last 20 years with increased survival and decreasing incidence of opportunistic infections (OI), CNS OI remain a major cause of morbidity. Improved survival has also increased neurological presentations due to co morbid conditions, treatment related side effects and inflammatory syndromes. Being familiar with the imaging findings, the impact of ART and interpretation of imaging in the context of clinical and laboratory findings is important for radiologists as well as clinicians in the management of HIV-infected patients.
-
The complex anatomy and deep spaces of the head and neck limit physical examination while also offering many points for entry and spread of infection. Radiologic imaging plays a crucial role in managing head and neck infections by defining the location and extent of disease, facilitating abscess drainage, and identifying complications. This review provides essential background and examples for imaging infection throughout the head and neck region.
-
In this article, we discuss the anatomy and development of the face. One should become familiar with the layers, muscles, vessels, and nerves of the face. Embryologic development of the face and supporting structures is also discussed. Additionally, different clinical manifestation of facial paralysis is highlighted.
-
This is a detailed review of the embryologic derivation and anatomy of the craniocervical junction and subaxial cervical spine and the correlative radiological imaging anatomy.
-
The spinal cord is an elegant structure that serves as a conduit for the transfer of information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system. To enable the reader to understand its complex microstructural anatomy, we have created a detailed yet approachable anatomic reference for clinicians. We review gross and structural features of the spinal cord, its coverings, and nerves while also discussing spinal cord development, microscopic organization, and common anatomic variants. We detail how this anatomy appears on current neuroimaging techniques, with special attention to MR imaging.