Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2018
ReviewA Review of Salivary Gland Malignancies: Common Histologic Types, Anatomic Considerations, and Imaging Strategies.
Major and minor salivary gland malignancies come in various shapes and sizes. They can present as palpable masses or can be detected incidentally when imaging patients for other indications. ⋯ Computed tomography (CT) and MR imaging are complementary tools in this respect and offer useful information to the proceduralist. Advanced imaging (diffusion-weighted imaging and PET-CT) and other modalities (eg, ultrasound) help with characterization, although biopsy or excision is often needed for definitive tissue diagnosis.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2018
ReviewImaging of Benign Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Salivary Gland Tumors.
This article reviews the multimodality diagnostic imaging features of benign neoplastic and nonneoplastic tumors associated with the major salivary glands. Examples of neoplastic conditions that are depicted and discussed include pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, oncocytoma, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, lipoma, and hemangiomas or hemangioendotheliomas. Examples of nonneoplastic conditions that are depicted and discussed include ranulas, benign lymphoepithelial lesions, Kimura disease, and vascular malformations. Specific imaging and clinical features of these conditions are emphasized in this article.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2018
ReviewImaging of Sjögren Syndrome and Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease of the Salivary Glands.
The salivary glands are commonly affected in systemic autoimmune disease and diseases of unknown pathogenesis. Sjögren syndrome (SjS) can be affected by other systemic diseases. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) commonly affects salivary glands. ⋯ Findings of early-stage SjS are difficult to identify on routine computed tomography or MR imaging. Chronic SjS can be diagnosed from MR imaging and sialographic findings. Multiglandular and localized involvement of IgG4-RD is difficult to differentiate from malignant lymphoma for multiglandular disease and salivary gland carcinoma for localized disease.
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MR imaging is the modality of choice in evaluation of salivary gland tumors. Postcontrast MR imaging is adequate for exact localization and extension of salivary gland tumors and multiparametric of diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging helps in characterization of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Imaging is important for preoperative localization, characterization of salivary gland tumors and locoregional extension, perineural spread, and nodal and distant staging of malignant salivary gland tumors. Imaging has a role in detection of tumor recurrence, monitoring patients after therapy, prediction of malignant transformation of benign tumors, and differentiation of salivary gland tumors from simulating inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Salivary gland diseases in children are uncommon, and the relative incidence of pathologies is different than in adults. This article presents a comprehensive review of congenital and acquired disorders that affect the major salivary glands in the pediatric population, highlighting the imaging findings that are important in defining the appropriate diagnosis or narrowing of the differential diagnosis.