Surgical oncology clinics of North America
-
Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am. · Jan 2009
ReviewThyroid cancer genetics: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, non-medullary familial thyroid cancer, and familial syndromes associated with thyroid cancer.
Familial thyroid cancer accounts for 25% of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and 5% of non-medullary thyroid cancer. All patients who have familial MTC have one of three variants of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 that are defined by specific mutations in the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene. ⋯ Thyroid cancer also is associated with a number of familial syndromes. This article focuses on the genetics and management of familial thyroid cancers and the syndromes associated with thyroid cancer.
-
Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am. · Jan 2009
ReviewManagement of familial melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer syndromes.
The clinical manifestations of hereditary skin cancer syndromes depend upon the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Familial melanoma occurs in the setting of hereditary susceptibility, with a complex phenotype of early age of onset, multiple atypical moles, multiple primary melanomas, multiple melanomas in the family, and in some instances pancreatic cancer. ⋯ Consequently, the surgeon as one of the primary caregivers should be familiar with hereditary skin cancer syndromes and their pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and surveillance recommendations. This article discusses a practical approach for some of the issues likely encountered by the surgeon in the management of familial melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.