Addiction
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Opioid treatment at release from jail using extended-release naltrexone: a pilot proof-of-concept randomized effectiveness trial.
Relapse to addiction following incarceration is common. We estimated the feasibility and effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) as relapse prevention among opioid-dependent male adults leaving a large urban jail. ⋯ Extended-release naltrexone is associated with significantly lower rates of opioid relapse among men in the United States following release from jail when compared with a no medication treatment-as-usual condition.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
An exploratory short-term double-blind randomized trial of varenicline versus nicotine patch for smoking cessation in women.
Within a parent study examining ovarian hormone effects on smoking cessation in women, we conducted an exploratory short-term trial of varenicline versus transdermal nicotine patch. ⋯ In an exploratory 4-week head-to-head trial in female smokers, varenicline, compared with nicotine patch, more than doubled the odds of end-of-treatment abstinence, although this diminished somewhat at post-treatment follow-up.