Ocular immunology and inflammation
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Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. · May 2021
Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal and Conjunctival Swab Samples of Hospitalised Patients with Confirmed COVID-19.
To evaluate the results of conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swab tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19. ⋯ The RT-PCR was not high positive in the conjunctiva as in nasopharyngeal swabs. Ocular changes were not common in COVID-19 patients.
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Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. · Jan 2021
UV-Photokeratitis Associated with Germicidal Lamps Purchased during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
To report photokeratitis caused by the improper use of germicidal lamps purchased during the COVID-19 pandemic. ⋯ Patients should follow manufacturer recommendations when using UV-emitting germicidal lamps and avoid direct exposure to the ocular surface.
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Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. · Nov 2020
ReviewOcular Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2: Indication of Possible Ocular Transmission or Viral Shedding.
The recently identified novel coronavirus (CoV), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While published data about other highly infectious human COVs [that is, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)] provide helpful information about the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, there is limited understanding surrounding knowledge of ocular manifestation of the virus. ⋯ The evidence partly supports the eye as a portal of entry for SARS-CoV-2 to infect respiratory cells or viral shedding from respiratory cells via the nasolacrimal duct unto the ocular surface. The possibility of ocular secretions as source for SARS-CoV-2 to spread externally has substantial public health implications.
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Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. · Nov 2020
ReviewSARS-CoV-2 Targeting the Retina: Host-virus Interaction and Possible Mechanisms of Viral Tropism.
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 10 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent studies demonstrated not only retinal impairments but also detected SARS-CoV-2 in the retina of patients with COVID-19. Purpose: This letter discusses the retinal tropism of SARS-CoV-2, describing possible routes for this coronavirus to reach the retina and cellular mechanisms involved in the retinal cell infection. Conclusions: Determining how SARS-CoV-2 can affect the retinal tissue is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies and preventive measures, as well as for understanding the possible relationship between COVID-19 damage to the retina and to the brain.
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Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. · Nov 2020
Case ReportsAcute Onset of Bilateral Follicular Conjunctivitis in two Patients with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections.
To report bilateral follicular conjunctivitis in two confirmed Coronavirus (COVID-19) patients with the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens. ⋯ SARS-CoV-2 may cause ocular manifestations such as viral conjunctivitis. Conjunctival sampling may be useful for infected patients with conjunctivitis and fever. Precautionary measures are recommended when examining infected patients throughout the clinical course of the infection.