Acta clinica Croatica
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Acta clinica Croatica · Nov 2019
PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) VALUES IN PATIENTS WITH LOW- AND HIGH-RISK PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA.
Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC) comprises around 19% of malignancies in Croatian male population. On the basis of PSA value, Gleason score, grading group and clinical stage, PC can be classified into low- and high-risk groups which is significant for different therapeutic regimens and prognostic outcomes. ⋯ Subsequently, they were divided into low- and high-risk prostatic adenocarcinoma groups. Our results demonstrated positive correlation in preoperative PSA values between the groups and therefore support the use of PSA as one of the parameters in defining low- and high-risk prostatic adenocarcinoma categories.
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Acta clinica Croatica · Nov 2019
ReviewWHO SHOULD RECEIVE NOVEL HORMONAL THERAPY WITH ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY IN METASTATIC HORMONE SENSITIVE PROSTATE CANCER?
Treatment with androgen deprivation (ADT) has for many years been a standard treatment for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). However, several phase 3 randomized trials have completely changed the therapeutic approach for these patients. ⋯ Here we present an overview of the most important trials in this setting: STAMPEDE, LATITUDE, ARCHES, ENZAMET and TITAN in which abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and apalutamide combined with ADT achieved significant improvement in overall survival of patients with mHSPC compared with ADT only. All three agents combined with ADT became new standard of therapy for this group of patients.
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Acta clinica Croatica · Nov 2019
ReviewTHE PROSTATE CENTER: MULTIDISCIPLINARITY, ORGANIZATION OF DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP AND TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER.
The aim of this paper is to show the results of prostate cancer treatment in Prostate Center of Department of Urology at the University Hospital Center Zagreb. The answer to growing demands for prostate cancer treatment due to increasing incidence is the formation of specialized, multidisciplinary units/centers that deal mainly with prostate cancer. ⋯ This new unit offers specialized and individualized approach to workup, treatment and follow up for prostate cancer patients based on multidisciplinarity. The Prostate Center was also established as a platform for education and research.
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Acta clinica Croatica · Nov 2019
ReviewCHALLENGES IN MANIPULATING IMMUNE SYSTEM TO TREAT PROSTATE CANCER.
First cancer vaccine that was approved for routine therapy was sipuleucel-T for treatment of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. However, other immunotherapy drugs evaluated in prostate cancer, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have failed to show therapeutic effect. ⋯ These explanations, which are related to specific genetic (e.g. low mutational burden) and immunological (e.g. immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment) background of prostate cancer are discussed in this review. Also, new therapeutic strategies to overcome prostate cancer immunotherapy resistance and to select subgroups of patients that could benefit from immunotherapy are outlined.
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Acta clinica Croatica · Nov 2019
ReviewIS TESTOSTERONE PROGNOSTIC IN PROSTATE CANCER TREATMENT? THE UROLOGICAL STANDPOINT.
Prostate cancer (PC) is known as an androgen-dependent tumor with testosterone as its natural growth factor, its action is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR) important for the biology and progression of PC. During aging a progressive decline in testosterone levels begins, caused by disability of aged Leydig cells to produce testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone. Surgical treatment of PC can influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis with less impact on it compared to patients treated with radiation. ⋯ These data show that there is no significant association between all sex hormone in men and lethal PC or total mortality. In patients with metastatic PC, results showed that elevation of baseline androstenedione levels was predictive of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response; higher baseline androstenedione levels were associated with an improved overall survival. In these patients, the relationship between serum testosterone and PC prognosis varies in different clinical settings and according to androgen deprivation therapy administration.