Acta clinica Croatica
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Acta clinica Croatica · Nov 2022
PATTERNS OF FACIAL FRACTURES AND ASSOCIATED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON 1007 PATIENTS.
Knowing the severity of a pathology in a population helps to both establish a rapid diagnosis and to prepare medical staff to provide adequate and complete treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of maxillofacial fractures and their associated soft tissue injuries in order to identify the specific types of maxillofacial fractures with the highest incidence of associated soft tissue injuries. ⋯ Patients presenting with hematomas will most frequently have an underlying single closed fracture line, while patients with lacerations will most frequently present underlying multiple and displaced fractures.
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Acta clinica Croatica · Nov 2022
ReviewMICROBIAL CAUSATIVE AGENTS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS - IMPACT ON ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is debilitating condition comprising inflammation of the mucosa of the nasal and paranasal sinuses, requiring conservative and often surgical treatment. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a CRS treatment during which a microbiological diagnostic procedure may be conducted. Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is administrated before FESS. ⋯ The most common isolated pathogens were Peptostreptococcus spp., Propionibacterium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Fusobacterium spp. and Haemophilus influenzae. According to antibiotic susceptibility patterns, empiric antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was appropriate. Due to high rates of antibiotic resistance of anaerobic bacterial isolates to metronidazole, it cannot be recommended in empirical antibiotic treatment or preoperative surgical antibiotic prophylaxis.
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The year 2022 marked the one-hundredth anniversary of the first application of insulin. November 14th, the birth date of one of its main discoverers, Frederick Banting, was designated as World Diabetes Day. This paper comprises a narrative review of the history of the discovery of diabetes and insulin, progress in insulin development, important breakthroughs in insulin production and delivery, and a short commentary regarding potential future developments in insulin treatment. ⋯ Groundbreaking discoveries during the early 20th century have resulted in type 1 diabetes mellitus becoming a treatable, chronic condition. The relationship between good glycemic control and reduced occurrence of diabetes complications was established, which has enticed further development and refinements in insulin treatment, ranging from the purification and increased quality of insulin itself, as well as various inventions in its administration. Despite great achievements in insulin therapy so far, future research aims to avoid the need for subcutaneous administration and to create non-invasive means of insulin application.
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Acta clinica Croatica · Nov 2022
ReviewIMPACT OF GRAVES' DISEASE AND ANTITHYROID DRUG THERAPY ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY - PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE.
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production. One of the consequences of that state can be a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). Graves' disease is often treated with antithyroid drugs (ATD) as first line therapy, which can lead to disease remission. ⋯ Hence, inhibitors of the canonical Wnt pathway became the focus of interest, in particular sclerostin and dickkopf 1 (DKK1). Hyperthyroidism and osteopenia/osteoporosis are quite common today and can coexist together or as separate entities. In this article, we aimed to give an overview of possible associations and potential mutual pathophysiological mechanisms.
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The course of diabetes is marked by the development of chronic complications that, in addition to affecting health, also affect the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes based on their chronic complications. The study, which was conducted from March 2019 until March 2020, included 382 diabetic patients, specific data from medical records, and the application of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief questionnaire. ⋯ The domains of social functioning were lowest in patients with diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy, while the physical functioning domains were rated lowest in patients with diabetic nephropathy, diabetic foot ulcer, and multiple chronic complications. All domains were rated lowest by patients with multiple complications and highest by those without any complications. In conclusion, differences in the assessment of quality of life of diabetic patients depend on the type of chronic complication.