Acta clinica Croatica
-
Acta clinica Croatica · Oct 2022
CORRELATION OF EXPRESSION OF TGF- β AND MMP2 BETWEEN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA AND ADJACENT UNAFFECTED PARENCHYMA.
In prostate adenocarcinoma, both tumorous stroma and epithelium have important role in tumor progression. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β) is a promotor in advanced stages of prostate cancer. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), the endopeptidase that degrades extracellular matrix is considered to be overexpressed in prostatic carcinoma related to its growth and aggressiveness. ⋯ TGF- β was more expressed in tumorous than in prostate stroma (p =0.000), while no statistical significance in case of MMP2 (p = 0.097) was found. MMP2 was more expressed in tumorous than in prostate epithelium (p =0.000), while no statistical significance in case of TGF- β (p = 0.096) was observed. The study results indicate that both tumorous stroma and epithelium have a role in tumor progression and support potential role of TGF- β and MMP2 in prostatic adenocarcinoma progression.
-
We conducted a retrospective review of medical records using our institution electronic database with the purpose to identify factors that could influence postoperative pain after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The studied factors were gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status, duration of surgery, extent of surgery, primary versus revision surgery, and extent of nasal packing. ⋯ On the day of surgery, patients who had unilateral type of surgery experienced less pain than patients with bilateral surgery (p<0.01). We did not find any statistically significant association of the reported postoperative pain with age, gender, ASA status, duration of surgery, antibiotic therapy, and type and extensiveness of nasal packing.
-
Acta clinica Croatica · Oct 2022
ReviewMRI-GUIDED RADIOTHERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER: A NEW PARADIGM.
Radiotherapy is one of the key treatment modalities for primary prostate cancer. During the last decade, significant advances were made in radiotherapy technology leading to increasing both physical and biological precision. Being a loco-regional treatment approach, radiotherapy requires accurate target dose deposition while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. ⋯ Technically, MRI high-strength magnetic field and linear accelerator high energy electromagnetic beams are hardly compatible, and important efforts were made to overcome these technical challenges and integrate MRI and linear accelerator into one single treatment device, called MRI-linac. Different systems are produced by two leading vendors in the field and currently, there are around 100 MRI-linacs worldwide in clinical operations. In this narrative review paper, we discuss historical perspective of image guidance in radiotherapy, basic elements of MRI, current clinical developments in MRI-guided prostate cancer radiotherapy, and challenges associated with the use of MRI-linac in clinical practice.
-
Acta clinica Croatica · Oct 2022
ReviewROLE OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR-TARGETED AGENTS IN LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER.
Anti-androgen therapy continues to be a basic pilar of treatment for both localized and metastatic prostate cancer. The advent of new generation of androgen receptor targeted agents (ARTA) transformed the care of patients with advanced disease. After such a success, the steps were taken to incorporate a new generation of ARTAs into the treatment landscape of localized prostate cancer. ⋯ This clinical space has already been a showcase for multidisciplinary treatment where the combination of local therapies with systemic treatment gradually improved patient outcomes and the chances of cure. The most recent step in redefining the treatment of localized disease is the adoption of novel ARTAs moving forward the multidisciplinary platform. In this narrative review, we discuss current clinical evidence supporting the use of novel ARTAs in patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer and cover recent developments in biomarker-driven strategies for treatment individualization in this clinical context.
-
Acta clinica Croatica · Oct 2022
ReviewMANAGEMENT OF CHYLE LEAK FOLLOWING HEAD AND NECK SURGERY: REVIEW OF CURRENT TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND ALGORITHMIC APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT.
Postoperative chyle leak is a rare but serious complication of head and neck surgery. Chyle leak can lead to a systemic metabolic imbalance, a prolonged wound healing and longer hospital stay. Early identification and treatment are crucial for good surgical outcome. ⋯ Currently, there is no evidence that any approach is superior to the other due to relatively small number of studies describing chyle leak management. There are no official guidelines for the treatment of postoperative chyle leak. The aim of this article is to present the therapeutic possibilities and to offer an algorithm for chyle leak management.