Substance use & misuse
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Substance use & misuse · Jul 2017
People Who Inject Drugs and Have Mood Disorders-A Brief Assessment of Health Risk Behaviors.
People who inject drugs have a greater risk of infectious disease and mortality than other substance abusers and nondrug users. Variation in risk behavior among people who inject drugs is likely associated with comorbid mental health disorders. ⋯ While there were no differences between groups in frequency of drug use, people who inject drugs who report a history of mood disorders reported more injection risk behaviors, drug overdoses, sex exchanges, and multiple partners than those with no history of mental illness. Adjusting the comparison for demographic characteristics and current depressive symptoms had little impact on these findings. Variation in risk between depression and bipolar disorder groups was minimal. Conclusions/Importance: People who inject drugs and have mood disorders have unique and significant social, clinical, and risk reduction needs. Despite the limited validity of self-reported mental health history, simply asking about a history of mood disorder may be effective for identifying a particularly vulnerable population of people who inject drugs.
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Substance use & misuse · Jul 2017
The Adverse Effects and Treatment Results of Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy During Fasting/Non-Fasting State.
Cigarette smoking is one of the most common addictions worldwide. Muslim smokers reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke during Ramadan due to the long fasting hours. ⋯ Although our sample size was small, we found no difference in the rates of adverse effects or smoking cessation using a single daily oral dose of bupropion or varenicline between a fasting group and a non-fasting group that received conventional dosing.
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Substance use & misuse · Jul 2017
Predictors of Adult E-Cigarette Users Vaporizing Cannabis Using E-Cigarettes and Vape-Pens.
Given limited extant research, we assessed the use of portable, battery-powered cannabis vaporizers by adult e-cigarette users. ⋯ Adult e-cigarette users are vaporizing cannabis using e-cigarettes/vape-pens. Efforts to curb cannabis vaporization may benefit from targeting impulsivity in users and regulating device features that facilitate or promote convenient, inconspicuous cannabis use.
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Substance use & misuse · Mar 2017
Parental Style and Its Association With Substance Use in Argentinean Youth.
In Europe and the United States, family relationships and parenting behavior can influence youth substance use, but less is known about their influence in Latin American countries. ⋯ Among Argentine adolescents, maternal demandingness was the strongest and most consistent correlate of substance use, regardless of adolescent substance use behavior or gender.
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Substance use & misuse · Jan 2017
Provider Experiences With the Identification, Management, and Treatment of Co-occurring Chronic Noncancer Pain and Substance Use in the Safety Net.
In the United States and internationally, providers have adopted guidelines on the management of prescription opioids for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). For "high-risk" patients with co-occurring CNCP and a history of substance use, guidelines advise that providers monitor patients using urine toxicology screening tests, develop opioid management plans, and refer patients to substance use treatment. ⋯ Our findings indicate that clinicians in the safety net found guideline-based clinic policies helpful. However, effective implementation was challenged by barriers to open dialogue about substance use and limited linkages with treatment programs. Further research is needed to examine how the context of safety net settings shapes the management and treatment of co-occurring CNCP and substance use.