Annals of internal medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Risk factors for infusion-related phlebitis with small peripheral venous catheters. A randomized controlled trial.
To identify risk factors for infusion-related phlebitis with peripheral intravenous catheters. ⋯ Multiple factors, including the infusate and the duration of cannulation, contribute to the development of infusion-related phlebitis. The use of peripheral intravenous catheters made of PEU-Vialon appears to pose the same risk for catheter-related infection as the use of catheters made of FEP-Teflon, and PEU-Vialon can permit longer cannulation with less risk for phlebitis. The risk for catheter-related bacteremia with FEP-Teflon and PEU-Vialon catheters is sufficiently low that it no longer seems justifiable to recommend the use of small steel needles for most peripheral intravenous therapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Prevention of deep vein thrombosis after elective hip surgery. A randomized trial comparing low molecular weight heparin with standard unfractionated heparin.
To determine the relative efficacy and safety of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin (Enoxaparin) compared with standard calcium heparin for the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing elective hip surgery. ⋯ Low molecular weight heparin is significantly less hemorrhagic than standard unfractionated heparin; the difference in the rate of deep vein thrombosis, although not statistically significant (P greater than 0.2), favors the use of LMW heparin.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Ondansetron compared with high-dose metoclopramide in prophylaxis of acute and delayed cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study.
To compare the efficacy and side effects of ondansetron with those of high-dose metoclopramide in treating acute and delayed cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. ⋯ Ondansetron is significantly more effective than metoclopramide in preventing acute nausea and vomiting. In the delayed phase, the results of both drugs were disappointing, although metoclopramide's effect on delayed nausea was superior. Patients preferred ondansetron.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Blood culture phlebotomy: switching needles does not prevent contamination.
To determine how switching to a sterile needle after phlebotomy and before the inoculation of blood culture bottles affects the rate of skin flora contamination. ⋯ The needle switch in the conventional blood culture technique does not reduce the rate of skin flora contamination. Blood cultures should no longer be obtained by switching needles.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction: effects of a nurse-managed intervention.
To determine the effect of a nurse-managed intervention for smoking cessation in patients who have had a myocardial infarction. ⋯ A nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention largely conducted by telephone, initiated in the hospital, and focused on relapse prevention can significantly reduce smoking rates at 12 months in patients who have had a myocardial infarction.