Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Dec 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialTuberculin reaction and BCG scar: association with infant mortality.
To test the hypothesis that having a scar and a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) response after vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is associated with reduced infant mortality. ⋯ We confirmed previous observations that having a scar and a TST response after BCG vaccination is associated with lower mortality risk. The possibility of revaccinating scar-negative children should be considered.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Dec 2015
ReviewAcute respiratory infection case definitions for young children: a systematic review of community-based epidemiologic studies in South Asia.
To explore the variability in childhood acute respiratory infection case definitions for research in low-income settings where there is limited access to laboratory or radiologic investigations. ⋯ There has been a wide variability in case definition label and content combinations to define acute upper and lower respiratory infections in children in community-based studies in South Asia over the past two decades. These inconsistencies have important implications for the synthesis and translation of knowledge regarding the prevention and treatment of childhood acute respiratory infection.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Dec 2015
Finding the gap: revealing local disparities in coverage of maternal, newborn and child health services in South Sudan using lot quality assurance sampling.
We adapted a rapid monitoring method to South Sudan, a new nation with one of the world's highest maternal and child mortality rates, aiming to assess coverage of maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) services at the time of independence, and introducing a monitoring and evaluation system (M&E) for equity-sensitive tracking of progress related to Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4 and 5 at national, state and county levels to detect local variability. ⋯ This adaptation of LQAS to South Sudan demonstrates how it can be used in the future as an M&E system to track progress of MDGs at national, state and county levels to detect local disparities. Overall, our data reveal a desperate need for improving MNCH service coverage in all states.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Dec 2015
Comparative StudyRole of the private sector in childbirth care: cross-sectional survey evidence from 57 low- and middle-income countries using Demographic and Health Surveys.
Maternal mortality rates have decreased globally but remain off track for Millennium Development Goals. Good-quality delivery care is one recognised strategy to address this gap. This study examines the role of the private (non-public) sector in providing delivery care and compares the equity and quality of the sectors. ⋯ This study is the most comprehensive assessment to date of coverage, equity and quality indicators of delivery care by sector. The private sector provided a substantial proportion of delivery care in low- and middle-income countries. Further research is necessary to better understand this heterogeneous group of providers and their potential to equitably increase the coverage of good-quality intrapartum care.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Dec 2015
Comparative StudyWho, What, Where: an analysis of private sector family planning provision in 57 low- and middle-income countries.
Family planning service delivery has been neglected; rigorous analyses of the patterns of contraceptive provision are needed to inform strategies to address this neglect. ⋯ Given the importance of private sector providers, we need to understand why women choose their services, what quality services the private sector provides, and how it can be improved. However, when prioritising one of the two sectors (public vs. private), it is critical to consider the potential impact on contraceptive prevalence and equity of met need.