British journal of anaesthesia
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A technique employing a nerve stimulator and an insulated needle was used for supraclavicular brachial plexus block in 71 patients using 0.5% plain bupivacaine 15-20 ml. The mean minimal stimulating current to produce paraesthesia was 0.09 mA. The plexus was identified at a mean depth of 27 mm below the skin. The block was successful in 98% of patients when the stimulation was felt in the index, middle or ring finger, but was often incomplete when felt in the thumb or little finger.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of carbonated bupivacaine and bupivacaine hydrochloride for extradural anaesthesia.
A double-blind comparison of carbonated bupivacaine and bupivacaine hydrochloride in extradural anaesthesia was performed in 40 patients. No significant differences in the onset times, sensory blockade, motor blockade and duration of anaesthesia were demonstrated. Carbonated bupivacaine does not appear to offer any advantage over the hydrochloride salt for extradural anaesthesia.