British journal of anaesthesia
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Adequate gastrointestinal mucosal oxygenation is regarded to be crucial in the prevention and therapy of critical illness. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are used for perioperative haemodynamic support. However, their per se effects on gastromucosal haemoglobin oxygenation (μHbO(2)) remain unclear. Moreover, respective effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine may be affected by the type of underlying anaesthesia. Thus, we studied the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine during anaesthesia with sevoflurane or propofol on regional gastromucosal μHbO(2) and systemic O(2)-derived variables. ⋯ The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine depended on the type of anaesthesia. In addition, regional effects (i.e. μHbO(2)) were not predictable from systemic effects (i.e. DO(2)).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of dexamethasone in combination with caudal analgesia on postoperative pain control in day-case paediatric orchiopexy.
Dexamethasone has a powerful anti-inflammatory action and has demonstrated reduced morbidity after surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a single i.v. dose of dexamethasone in combination with caudal block on postoperative analgesia in children. ⋯ Intravenous dexamethasone 0.5 mg kg(-1) in combination with a caudal block augmented the intensity and duration of postoperative analgesia without adverse effects in children undergoing day-case paediatric orchiopexy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intravenous lidocaine infusion reduces bispectral index-guided requirements of propofol only during surgical stimulation.
I.V. lidocaine reduces volatile anaesthetics requirements during surgery. We hypothesized that lidocaine would also reduce propofol requirements during i.v. anaesthesia. ⋯ The sparing effect of lidocaine on anaesthetic requirements seems to be mediated by an anti-nociceptive action.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Vapocoolant spray vs subcutaneous lidocaine injection for reducing the pain of intravenous cannulation: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.
We compared the efficacy, acceptability, and safety of a topical vapocoolant alkane spray and 1% plain s.c. lidocaine in reducing pain from i.v. cannulation. ⋯ Although vapocoolant reduces cannulation pain less than lidocaine, it has a number of important advantages. Vapocoolant offers a useful alternative in the emergency department setting.