Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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The intrathecal space remains underutilized for diagnostic testing, invasive monitoring or as a pipeline for the delivery of neurological therapeutic agents and devices. The latter including drug infusions, implants for electrical modulation, and a means for maintaining the physiologic pressure column. The reasons for this are many but include unfamiliarity with the central nervous system and the historical risks that continue to overshadow the low complication rates in modern clinical series. ⋯ Over the next decade, advances in intrathecal catheter design, access techniques, imaging, and greater understanding of the spinal cord neurophysiology will usher in an era where the intrathecal space is recognized as a highly valued diagnostic and therapeutic target. We anticipate that this will occur in several concurrent phases, each with the potential to accelerate the growth of the others.
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Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) for one to two months has produced some improvement in treatment-resistant slow-transit constipation (STC) in children. Optimal parameters for treatment are not known. It is possible that more improvement would occur with stimulation for longer. This study examined the effectiveness of stimulation for six months. ⋯ Treatment-resistant STC responds to TES using interferential current across the abdomen when given daily for many months. Battery operated stimulators allowed stimulation at home for an hour each day. Stimulation for six months produced clinically significant improvement in defecation frequency, soiling, abdominal pain, urge to defecate, and quality of life in half of these chronic patients.
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Long-term outcome of sacral nerve modulation (SNM) patients after implanted pulse generator (IPG) change for fecal incontinence (FI) is unknown. This study reported the outcome and long-term satisfaction after a change of an exhausted IPG, questioning the need to concurrently change the electrode and looking for factors involved in the maintenance of treatment efficiency. ⋯ Paul-Antoine Lehur has a consulting agreement with Medtronic SA. This had no impact with the results of the study. The other authors have no conflict of interests to declare.
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Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI) are a major risk factor for fecal incontinence (FI). Neuromodulation is often used as second-line therapy for FI, but evidence for its efficacy is conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and predictive factors of posterior tibial nerve stimulation for obstetric anal sphincter injury-induced FI. ⋯ Of a well-defined cohort of females with FI secondary to OASI, 38% responded to posterior tibial nerve stimulation. Much of this improvement may relate to improvement in stool consistency.
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To perform a pilot study using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the dorsal genital nerve and the posterior tibial nerve for improving symptoms of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in women without bladder problems. We hypothesize that this therapy will be effective at improving genital arousal deficits. ⋯ This study provides evidence that transcutaneous stimulation of peripheral nerves has the potential to be a valuable therapeutic tool for women with FSD.